from fastapi import FastAPI\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nclass Item(BaseModel):\n name: str\n price: float\n is_offer: bool = False\n\n@app.post(\"\/items\/\")\nasync def create_item(item: Item):\n # FastAPI\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53JSON\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e3aItem\u5bf9\u8c61\n return {\"item_name\": item.name, \"item_price\": item.price}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u91ccItem<\/code>\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86JSON\u4e2d\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002FastAPI\u5229\u7528Pydantic\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210JSON\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u662f{\"name\":\"Apple\",\"price\":1.5}<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u6790\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5b57\u6bb5\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de422\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\u662fJSON\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u9020\u6076\u610fJSON\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08\u5982\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u6c61\u67d3\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff09\u6216\u8d85\u5927JSON\u5bfc\u81f4\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\uff08\u5982Python\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3001\u9650\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Schema\u6821\u9a8c\uff08\u5982Pydantic\uff09\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u6a21\u7cca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u9001\u7578\u5f62JSON\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u4f55\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e14\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08\u5982Java\u7684RMI\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nMermaid \u56fe\u8868\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u5728HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001JSON\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u65b9\u6846\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u3002JSON\u8bf7\u6c42\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u5668\u786e\u4fdd\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u518d\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6210JSON\u8fd4\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\uff08JSON\uff09\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6865\u6881\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u80fd\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u539f\u59cb\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982Python\u7684dict\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u5668\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49Schema\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u53ea\u80fd\u4f20\u9012\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982UUID\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5de5\u5177\u662fPydantic\uff08Python\uff09\u3001Zod\uff08TypeScript\uff09\u3001Joi\uff08Node.js\uff09\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Pydantic\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError\nfrom datetime import date\n\nclass User(BaseModel):\n id: int\n name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=50)\n birth_date: date\n email: str = Field(..., regex=r\"^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$\")\n\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4eceJSON\u89e3\u6790\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\nraw_data = {\n \"id\": 123,\n \"name\": \"Alice\",\n \"birth_date\": \"1990-01-01\", # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3adate\n \"email\": \"alice@example.com\"\n}\n\ntry:\n user = User(**raw_data)\n print(user.birth_date.year) # \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eedate\u5c5e\u6027\nexcept ValidationError as e:\n print(e.json())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u91ccPydantic\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6821\u9a8c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u7b26\u5408\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u6210date<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90ae\u7bb1\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165birth_date<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6216name<\/code>\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u6df7\u6dc6\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u672c\u8be5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6539\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08\u5982ORM\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u539f\u6837\u62fc\u63a5\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5229\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u9020\u6210\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u6821\u9a8c\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u610f\u5916\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u548c\u6076\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u62e6\u622a\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0e\u201c\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u6a21\u5757\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u6536\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff1b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u5185\u90e8\u4e14\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9d\u8d56\u8bed\u8a00\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nMermaid \u56fe\u8868\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4ece\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5b57\u5178\u5230\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5230\u65e5\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u975e\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u7eed\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7f16\u7801<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9002\u5408\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c31\u50cf\u628a\u8d35\u91cd\u7269\u54c1\u7528\u6ce1\u6cab\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u524d\uff08\u5982\u751f\u6210HTML\u3001URL\uff09\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u524d\uff08\u5982Base64\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u7801\u6709\uff1aBase64\uff08\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3001URL\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5c06\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u6210%xx\uff09\u3001HTML\u5b9e\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u9632\u6b62XSS\uff09\u3001Unicode\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u9053\u53ea\u652f\u6301ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982Email\u3001\u67d0\u4e9bJSON\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u542b\u4e49\uff08\u5982URL\u4e2d\u7684&\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7834\u574f\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u5f15\u53d1\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u662fBase64\u548cURL\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u8fdb\u884cBase64\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165JSON\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import base64\nimport json\n\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u56fe\u7247\nwith open(\"avatar.png\", \"rb\") as f:\n image_bytes = f.read()\n\n# Base64\u7f16\u7801\nimage_b64 = base64.b64encode(image_bytes).decode('ascii')\n\n# \u6784\u5efaJSON\npayload = {\n \"user_id\": 123,\n \"avatar\": image_b64 # \u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5165JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n}\n\n# \u53d1\u9001JSON\njson_data = json.dumps(payload)\nprint(json_data[:100]) # \u8f93\u51fa\u524d100\u5b57\u7b26<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u91ccbase64.b64encode<\/code>\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u53ea\u542bASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u653e\u5165JSON\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u518d\u7528base64.b64decode<\/code>\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u7f16\u7801<\/strong>\u6216\u7f16\u7801\u7ed5\u8fc7<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5148URL\u7f16\u7801\u518dHTML\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u653b\u51fb\u8f7d\u8377\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u6216\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u7f16\u7801\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08\u5982\u7528%3Cscript%3E<\/code>\u7ed5\u8fc7WAF\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7aef\u672a\u89e3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u524d\u7aef\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u88ab\u89e3\u7801\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u53ea\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff1b\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u70b9\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5982HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u7528HTML\u5b9e\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\uff0cSQL\u62fc\u63a5\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\uff09\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u653b\u51fb\u5411\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u8f93\u51fa\u70b9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0e\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u6a21\u5757\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u5148\u52a0\u5bc6\u518d\u7f16\u7801\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5165\u7279\u6b8a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff08URL\u3001HTML\u3001JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u65f6\uff1b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5168\u662fASCII\u4e14\u4e0d\u542b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7f16\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u7f16\u7801\u603b\u662f\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nMermaid \u56fe\u8868\uff1a\u7f16\u7801\u89e3\u7801\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff08URL\u3001HTML\u3001JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5b89\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u518d\u89e3\u7801\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u65b9\u5411\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5411\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u4f2a\u9020\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c31\u50cf\u7ed9\u4fe1\u4ef6\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bc6\u7801\u9501\u548c\u9632\u4f2a\u5c01\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982HTTPS\u5728TCP\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528TLS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9HTTP\u62a5\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08AES\uff09\u3001\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08RSA\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08SHA-256\uff09\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801\uff08HMAC\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u5c06\u660e\u6587\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bc6\u6587\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bc6\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u622a\u83b7\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1b\u7b7e\u540d\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u672a\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u4e14\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5408\u662fTLS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u534f\u5546\u52a0\u5bc6\u5957\u4ef6\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528PyCryptodome\u3001cryptography\u7b49\u5e93\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684cryptography<\/code>\u5e93\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884cAES\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u5b89\u5168\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend\nimport os\n\n# \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5411\u91cf\nkey = os.urandom(32) # AES-256\u5bc6\u94a5\niv = os.urandom(16) # 128\u4f4dIV\n\n# \u660e\u6587\u6570\u636e\nplaintext = b\"Sensitive user data\"\n\n# \u52a0\u5bc6\ncipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv), backend=default_backend())\nencryptor = cipher.encryptor()\n# \u9700\u8981\u586b\u5145\u5230\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding\npadder = padding.PKCS7(128).padder()\npadded_data = padder.update(plaintext) + padder.finalize()\nciphertext = encryptor.update(padded_data) + encryptor.finalize()\n\n# \u4f20\u8f93\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5c06iv\u548cciphertext\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001\nprint(\"IV:\", iv.hex())\nprint(\"Ciphertext:\", ciphertext.hex())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u5982Fernet\uff0c\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528TLS\u3002\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\uff1a\u5f31\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff08\u5982DES\u3001MD5\uff09\u3001\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u5bc6\u94a5<\/strong>\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732<\/strong>\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08\u5982ECB\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08AES-GCM\u3001ChaCha20-Poly1305\uff09\uff0c\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u786c\u4ef6\u6216\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\uff08KMS\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5411\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u68c0\u67e5\u5bc6\u94a5\u662f\u5426\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165JSON\u6216Protobuf\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u673a\u5bc6\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u4e14\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08HTTPS\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nMermaid \u56fe\u8868\uff1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u660e\u6587\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53d8\u6210\u5bc6\u6587\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f20\u8f93\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u6062\u590d\u660e\u6587\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bc6\u94a5\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u7ba1\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u534f\u5546\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5316\u4ee5\u7a81\u51fa\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e32\u8054\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7ea6\u675f \u2192 \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u5e8f\u5217\u5316 \u2192 \u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801 \u2192 \u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6dfb\u7816\u52a0\u74e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8&\u6df7\u6dc6-\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006&\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u73af\u8282\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u597d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u76d7\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\uff1f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5c31\u50cf\u9152\u5e97\u4fdd\u5b58\u623f\u5361\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4f60\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5237\u5361\u65f6\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5237\u5361\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u5077\u8d70\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\u4e5f\u5f00\u4e0d\u4e86\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d27\u5bc6\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u5904\u7406\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5355\u5411\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9006\u5411\u8fd8\u539f\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u9006\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982AES\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bc6\u7801\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5929\u751f\u65e0\u6cd5\u53cd\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff08\u5355\u5411\u3001\u6297\u78b0\u649e\uff09\u548c\u76d0<\/strong>\uff08\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u4e00\u8d77\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f69\u8679\u8868\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u76d0\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u76d0\u62fc\u63a5\u540e\u9001\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982bcrypt\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u51fa\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76d0\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u76d0\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u5165\u76d0\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u76d0\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u5bc6\u7801\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e38\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08\u5f69\u8679\u8868\uff09\u5feb\u901f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u76d0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76d0\u5355\u72ec\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u7834\u89e3\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u5de5\u5177\u662fbcrypt<\/strong>\u3001scrypt<\/strong>\u548cArgon2<\/strong>\u3002bcrypt\u8bde\u751f\u8f83\u65e9\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u76d0\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1bscrypt\u6297\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff08\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5bf9GPU\/ASIC\u653b\u51fb\u654f\u611f\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff1bArgon2\u662f2015\u5e74\u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u4f18\u80dc\u8005\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5148\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u666e\u53ca\u5ea6\u7a0d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6162\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u8ba9\u7834\u89e3\u6210\u672c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684bcrypt\u5e93\uff08\u4e3b\u6d41\u7248\u672c3.2.0+\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import bcrypt\n\n# \u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\ndef hash_password(plain_password: str) -> str:\n # \u751f\u6210\u76d0\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b5012\uff08\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\uff09\n salt = bcrypt.gensalt()\n # \u54c8\u5e0c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(plain_password.encode('utf-8'), salt)\n # \u8fd4\u56de\u7684hashed\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\n return hashed.decode('utf-8')\n\n# \u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nhashed_password = hash_password(\"user_plain_password\")\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5165users\u8868\n\n# \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6\ndef verify_password(plain_password: str, hashed_password: str) -> bool:\n # \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d6\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9700\u8f6c\u56de\u5b57\u8282\n return bcrypt.checkpw(plain_password.encode('utf-8'), hashed_password.encode('utf-8'))\n\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u793a\u4f8b\nis_correct = verify_password(\"user_plain_password\", hashed_password)\nprint(\"\u5bc6\u7801\u6b63\u786e\" if is_correct else \"\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nbcrypt.gensalt()<\/code>\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u76d0\uff0c\u5e76\u5d4c\u5165\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a12\uff09\u3002bcrypt.hashpw()<\/code>\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u76d0\u7ed3\u5408\u8fdb\u884cBlowfish\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a2^\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b50\u3001\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982$2b$12$...<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65f6checkpw<\/code>\u63d0\u53d6\u5b58\u50a8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u76d0\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u65f6\u5e8f\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528API\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u65f6\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08MD5\u3001SHA-1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u65e0\u76d0\u6216\u76d0\u56fa\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b50\u592a\u4f4e<\/strong>\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u62fc\u63a5\u76d0<\/strong>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982SHA-256\uff09\u4e0d\u52a0\u6162\u8fed\u4ee3<\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c\u5e93\uff08\u5982bcrypt\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u5b50\u6839\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u8bbe\u4e3a10~14\uff082025\u5e74\u5efa\u8bae12\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u8bc1\u660e\u76d0\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\uff1b\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u57280.1~0.3\u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\uff08\u6210\u672c\u5408\u9002\uff09\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u6a21\u5757\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u751f\u6210JWT\u6216Session\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u6162\u54c8\u5e0c\u52a0\u76d0\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u9006\u52a0\u5bc6\u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u660e\u6587\u5b58\u50a8\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u91cd\u7f6e\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e94\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u4e34\u65f6\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u627e\u56de\u539f\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nMermaid \u56fe\u8868\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\u6ce8\u518c\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6ce8\u518c\uff08\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u548c\u767b\u5f55\uff08\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u76d0\uff0c\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u62fc\u63a5\u540e\u9001\u5165\u6162\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u542b\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\uff1b\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u51fa\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u76d0\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6162\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76d0\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u540c\u5bc6\u7801\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e14\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732\u539f\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f&\u6570\u636e-\u7c7b\u578b&\u7f16\u7801&\u7b97\u6cd5 \u6570\u636e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5bc4\u5feb\u9012\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u5f97\u628a\u7269\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u597d\uff08\u4f20 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-text"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1678,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1670\/revisions\/1678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u4f20\u8f93\u683c\u5f0f\u5728HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e-1024x183.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0e\u8f6c\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b-379x1024.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u7f16\u7801\u89e3\u7801\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e-1024x245.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b-508x1024.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.preluna.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u5bc6\u7801\u6ce8\u518c\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b-686x1024.png\")
<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n