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\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u56db\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u5173\u8054\u3001\u805a\u5408\u3001\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56db\u6881\u516b\u67f1\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5065\u58ee\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Dependency\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u6700\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u793a”\u4f7f\u7528”\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ea7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u73b0\u5b9e\u6bd4\u55bb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Association\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u7684”\u77e5\u9053”\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u5f3a\u3001\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u77e5\u9053\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\u6216\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u4e92\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Aggregation\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u793a”\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206”\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u5305\u542b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u73b0\u5b9e\u6bd4\u55bb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Composition\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u7684”\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206”\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u73b0\u5b9e\u6bd4\u55bb<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n 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\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199<\/strong>\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ece\u7236\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\uff08\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d<\/strong>\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4e2a\u6570\u6216\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u3002Python\u539f\u751f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6a21\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Python\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f46Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u9075\u5faa\u4ece\u57fa\u7c7b\u5230\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b<\/strong>\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002Python\u4f7f\u7528 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7531\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f\uff08MRO\uff09<\/strong>\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002Python\u4f7f\u7528C3\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97MRO\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f”\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f”\u6216”\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898”\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53c8\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u6709\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0cPython\u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mixin\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb – \u77ed\u6682\u7684\u9082\u9005<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1.1 \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u9082\u9005\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Printer:\n \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7c7b\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def print_document(self, document: 'Document'):\n \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u6587\u6863\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56Document\u7c7b\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Document\n print(f\"\u6b63\u5728\u6253\u5370: {document.title}\")\n print(f\"\u5185\u5bb9\u9884\u89c8: {document.content[:50]}...\")\n print(f\"\u9875\u6570: {document.get_page_count()}\")\n\n def print_report(self, data_analyzer: 'DataAnalyzer'):\n \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56DataAnalyzer\u7c7b\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\n report = data_analyzer.generate_report()\n print(f\"\u6253\u5370\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a: {report}\")\n\n def format_and_print(self, text: str, formatter: 'TextFormatter'):\n \"\"\"\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u6253\u5370\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56TextFormatter\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\n formatted_text = formatter.format(text)\n print(f\"\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u6253\u5370: {formatted_text}\")\n\nclass Document:\n \"\"\"\u6587\u6863\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, title: str, content: str):\n self.title = title\n self.content = content\n\n def get_page_count(self) -> int:\n \"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u9875\u6570\"\"\"\n return max(1, len(self.content) \/\/ 500 + 1)\n\nclass DataAnalyzer:\n \"\"\"\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5668\"\"\"\n\n def generate_report(self) -> str:\n \"\"\"\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u544a\"\"\"\n return \"\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a: \u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\"\n\nclass TextFormatter:\n \"\"\"\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5668\"\"\"\n\n def format(self, text: str) -> str:\n \"\"\"\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6587\u672c\"\"\"\n return f\"=== {text.upper()} ===\"\n\nprint(\"=== \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\nprinter = Printer()\ndocument = Document(\"\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\", \"\u8fd9\u662f\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9...\" * 10)\nanalyzer = DataAnalyzer()\nformatter = TextFormatter()\n\n# \u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\nprinter.print_document(document) # \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u53ea\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u671f\u95f4\nprinter.print_report(analyzer) # \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\nprinter.format_and_print(\"hello world\", formatter) # \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\n\n# \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\nprint(f\"\\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u70b9:\")\nprint(\"1. \u6253\u5370\u673a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u6301\u6709\u6587\u6863\")\nprint(\"2. \u6253\u5370\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u675f\")\nprint(\"3. \u6253\u5370\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u6863\")\n\n# \u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u793a\u4f8b\nprint(\"\\n=== \u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165 ===\")\n\nclass Logger:\n \"\"\"\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\"\"\"\n\n def log(self, message: str, formatter: TextFormatter = None):\n \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\"\"\"\n if formatter:\n # \u4f9d\u8d56formatter\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\n message = formatter.format(message)\n print(f\"\u65e5\u5fd7: {message}\")\n\nlogger = Logger()\nlogger.log(\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\")\nlogger.log(\"\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\", formatter) # \u6ce8\u5165\u4f9d\u8d56\n\n# \u5de5\u5382\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\nprint(\"\\n=== \u5de5\u5382\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56 ===\")\n\nclass Shape:\n \"\"\"\u5f62\u72b6\u57fa\u7c7b\"\"\"\n def draw(self):\n pass\n\nclass Circle(Shape):\n def draw(self):\n print(\"\u7ed8\u5236\u5706\u5f62\")\n\nclass Rectangle(Shape):\n def draw(self):\n print(\"\u7ed8\u5236\u77e9\u5f62\")\n\nclass ShapePrinter:\n \"\"\"\u5f62\u72b6\u6253\u5370\u673a\"\"\"\n\n def print_shape(self, shape_factory):\n \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u5f62\u72b6\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\n shape = shape_factory()\n shape.draw()\n\ndef create_circle():\n \"\"\"\u521b\u5efa\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n return Circle()\n\nprinter = ShapePrinter()\nprinter.print_shape(create_circle) # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\nprinter.print_shape(lambda: Rectangle()) # \u4f9d\u8d56lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.2 \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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# ============================================================================\n# \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Customer:\n \"\"\"\u987e\u5ba2\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def make_payment(self, cashier: 'Cashier', amount: float):\n \"\"\"\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6536\u94f6\u5458\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u987e\u5ba2\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed8\u6b3e: {amount}\u5143\")\n receipt = cashier.process_payment(amount)\n print(f\"\u6536\u5230\u6536\u636e: {receipt}\")\n # \u4ed8\u6b3e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6536\u94f6\u5458\n\n def ask_directions(self, staff: 'StaffMember', location: str):\n \"\"\"\u95ee\u8def\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\"\"\"\n directions = staff.give_directions(location)\n print(f\"\u524d\u5f80{location}: {directions}\")\n # \u95ee\u8def\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u675f\n\n def use_shopping_cart(self, cart_factory):\n \"\"\"\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n cart = cart_factory()\n print(f\"\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66: {cart.id}\")\n # \u8d2d\u7269\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5f52\u8fd8\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\n\nclass Cashier:\n \"\"\"\u6536\u94f6\u5458\"\"\"\n\n def process_payment(self, amount: float) -> str:\n \"\"\"\u5904\u7406\u4ed8\u6b3e\"\"\"\n return f\"\u6536\u636e#{id(self)}: \u5df2\u6536\u5230{amount}\u5143\"\n\nclass StaffMember:\n \"\"\"\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\"\"\"\n\n def give_directions(self, location: str) -> str:\n \"\"\"\u6307\u8def\"\"\"\n return f\"\u76f4\u8d70\u7136\u540e\u53f3\u8f6c\u5230\u8fbe{location}\"\n\nclass ShoppingCart:\n \"\"\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, cart_id: str):\n self.id = cart_id\n\ndef create_shopping_cart():\n \"\"\"\u521b\u5efa\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\"\"\"\n import uuid\n return ShoppingCart(str(uuid.uuid4())[:8])\n\nprint(\"=== \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb ===\")\n\ncustomer = Customer()\ncashier = Cashier()\nstaff = StaffMember()\n\n# \u4e34\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\ncustomer.make_payment(cashier, 100.0)\ncustomer.ask_directions(staff, \"\u670d\u88c5\u533a\")\ncustomer.use_shopping_cart(create_shopping_cart)\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u5f81:\")\nprint(\"1. \u4e34\u65f6\u6027: \u53ea\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\")\nprint(\"2. \u65b9\u5411\u6027: \u987e\u5ba2\u4f9d\u8d56\u6536\u94f6\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u987e\u5ba2\")\nprint(\"3. \u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u6027: \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb – \u6301\u4e45\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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# ============================================================================\n# \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Student:\n \"\"\"\u5b66\u751f\u7c7b\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, student_id: str):\n self.name = name\n self.student_id = student_id\n self.courses = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u8bfe\u7a0b\n\n def enroll(self, course: 'Course'):\n \"\"\"\u9009\u8bfe\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if course not in self.courses:\n self.courses.append(course)\n course.add_student(self) # \u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5df2\u9009\u8bfe: {course.name}\")\n\n def drop(self, course: 'Course'):\n \"\"\"\u9000\u8bfe\uff1a\u89e3\u9664\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if course in self.courses:\n self.courses.remove(course)\n course.remove_student(self) # \u89e3\u9664\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5df2\u9000\u8bfe: {course.name}\")\n\n def get_course_list(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n return [course.name for course in self.courses]\n\n def get_teachers(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u8001\u5e08\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\"\"\"\n teachers = set()\n for course in self.courses:\n if course.teacher: # \u901a\u8fc7\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5173\u8054\u627e\u5230\u8001\u5e08\n teachers.add(course.teacher.name)\n return list(teachers)\n\nclass Course:\n \"\"\"\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, course_code: str):\n self.name = name\n self.course_code = course_code\n self.students = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u77e5\u9053\u5b66\u751f\n self.teacher = None # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u77e5\u9053\u8001\u5e08\n\n def add_student(self, student: Student):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if student not in self.students:\n self.students.append(student)\n\n def remove_student(self, student: Student):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u5b66\u751f\"\"\"\n if student in self.students:\n self.students.remove(student)\n\n def assign_teacher(self, teacher: 'Teacher'):\n \"\"\"\u5206\u914d\u8001\u5e08\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n self.teacher = teacher\n teacher.assign_course(self) # \u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n\n def get_student_count(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u91cf\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n return len(self.students)\n\n def get_student_names(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5b66\u751f\u59d3\u540d\"\"\"\n return [student.name for student in self.students]\n\nclass Teacher:\n \"\"\"\u6559\u5e08\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, employee_id: str):\n self.name = name\n self.employee_id = employee_id\n self.courses = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u8001\u5e08\u77e5\u9053\u8bfe\u7a0b\n\n def assign_course(self, course: Course):\n \"\"\"\u5206\u914d\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if course not in self.courses:\n self.courses.append(course)\n\n def get_course_list(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\"\"\"\n return [course.name for course in self.courses]\n\n def get_students(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\"\"\"\n all_students = set()\n for course in self.courses:\n for student in course.students:\n all_students.add(student.name)\n return list(all_students)\n\nprint(\"=== \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\nalice = Student(\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\", \"S001\")\nbob = Student(\"\u9c8d\u52c3\", \"S002\")\n\nmath = Course(\"\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\", \"MATH101\")\nphysics = Course(\"\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\", \"PHYS101\")\n\nprofessor = Teacher(\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\", \"T001\")\n\n# \u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u8054\nprint(\"1. \u5efa\u7acb\u5b66\u751f-\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5173\u8054:\")\nalice.enroll(math)\nalice.enroll(physics)\nbob.enroll(math)\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b: {alice.get_course_list()}\")\nprint(f\"\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u7684\u5b66\u751f: {math.get_student_names()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u5efa\u7acb\u8bfe\u7a0b-\u6559\u5e08\u5173\u8054:\")\nmath.assign_teacher(professor)\nphysics.assign_teacher(professor)\n\nprint(f\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b: {professor.get_course_list()}\")\nprint(f\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b66\u751f: {professor.get_students()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2:\")\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u8001\u5e08: {alice.get_teachers()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u89e3\u9664\u5173\u8054:\")\nalice.drop(physics)\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b: {alice.get_course_list()}\")\nprint(f\"\u7269\u7406\u8bfe\u7684\u5b66\u751f: {physics.get_student_names()}\")\n\n# \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\nprint(f\"\\n\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u5f81:\")\nprint(\"1. \u6301\u4e45\u6027: \u5173\u8054\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b58\u5728\")\nprint(\"2. \u53cc\u5411\u6027: \u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5b66\u751f\")\nprint(\"3. \u72ec\u7acb\u6027: \u5b66\u751f\u548c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\")\nprint(\"4. \u53ef\u5bfc\u822a\u6027: \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u627e\u5230\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.2 \u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\u4e0e\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054 vs \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Author:\n \"\"\"\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n # \u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u8005\n self.publisher = None\n\n def sign_contract(self, publisher: 'Publisher'):\n \"\"\"\u7b7e\u7ea6\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n self.publisher = publisher\n print(f\"{self.name} \u4e0e {publisher.name} \u7b7e\u7ea6\")\n\n def get_publisher_info(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if self.publisher:\n return f\"\u7b7e\u7ea6\u51fa\u7248\u793e: {self.publisher.name}\"\n return \"\u6682\u65e0\u7b7e\u7ea6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\"\n\nclass Publisher:\n \"\"\"\u51fa\u7248\u793e\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n # \u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u5411\u5173\u8054\u5230\u4f5c\u8005\n\nclass SocialMediaUser:\n \"\"\"\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, username: str):\n self.username = username\n self.following = [] # \u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\n self.followers = [] # \u7c89\u4e1d\n\n def follow(self, user: 'SocialMediaUser'):\n \"\"\"\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if user not in self.following:\n self.following.append(user)\n user._add_follower(self) # \u5efa\u7acb\u53cd\u5411\u5173\u8054\n print(f\"{self.username} \u5173\u6ce8\u4e86 {user.username}\")\n\n def unfollow(self, user: 'SocialMediaUser'):\n \"\"\"\u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a\u89e3\u9664\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if user in self.following:\n self.following.remove(user)\n user._remove_follower(self)\n print(f\"{self.username} \u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8 {user.username}\")\n\n def _add_follower(self, follower: 'SocialMediaUser'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c89\u4e1d\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n if follower not in self.followers:\n self.followers.append(follower)\n\n def _remove_follower(self, follower: 'SocialMediaUser'):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u7c89\u4e1d\"\"\"\n if follower in self.followers:\n self.followers.remove(follower)\n\n def get_following_count(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\"\"\"\n return len(self.following)\n\n def get_follower_count(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7c89\u4e1d\u6570\"\"\"\n return len(self.followers)\n\n def get_mutual_follows(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\"\"\"\n mutual = []\n for user in self.following:\n if self in user.following: # \u53cc\u5411\u68c0\u67e5\n mutual.append(user.username)\n return mutual\n\nprint(\"=== \u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054 vs \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054 ===\")\n\nprint(\"1. \u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\u793a\u4f8b:\")\nauthor = Author(\"\u9c81\u8fc5\")\npublisher = Publisher(\"\u4eba\u6c11\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\")\n\nauthor.sign_contract(publisher)\nprint(author.get_publisher_info())\nprint(f\"\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u8005\u5417? {'\u6709\u4f5c\u8005\u5217\u8868' if hasattr(publisher, 'authors') else '\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053'}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\u793a\u4f8b:\")\nalice = SocialMediaUser(\"Alice\")\nbob = SocialMediaUser(\"Bob\")\ncharlie = SocialMediaUser(\"Charlie\")\n\n# \u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\nalice.follow(bob)\nbob.follow(alice) # \u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u6ce8\nalice.follow(charlie) # \u5355\u5411\u5173\u6ce8\n\nprint(f\"\\nAlice\u5173\u6ce8: {alice.get_following_count()}\u4eba\")\nprint(f\"Alice\u7c89\u4e1d: {alice.get_follower_count()}\u4eba\")\nprint(f\"Bob\u5173\u6ce8: {bob.get_following_count()}\u4eba\")\nprint(f\"Bob\u7c89\u4e1d: {bob.get_follower_count()}\u4eba\")\n\nprint(f\"\\nAlice\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u6ce8: {alice.get_mutual_follows()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u89e3\u9664\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054:\")\nalice.unfollow(charlie)\nprint(f\"Alice\u5173\u6ce8: {alice.get_following_count()}\u4eba\")\nprint(f\"Charlie\u7c89\u4e1d: {charlie.get_follower_count()}\u4eba\")\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u5173\u8054\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u6bd4:\")\nprint(\"\u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054:\")\nprint(\" - \u4f18\u70b9: \u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\")\nprint(\" - \u7f3a\u70b9: \u53ea\u80fd\u5355\u5411\u5bfc\u822a\")\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054:\")\nprint(\" - \u4f18\u70b9: \u53cc\u5411\u5bfc\u822a\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5b8c\u6574\")\nprint(\" - \u7f3a\u70b9: \u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb – \u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u96c6\u4f53<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Department:\n \"\"\"\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a\u6574\u4f53\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n self.employees = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u90e8\u95e8\u5305\u542b\u5458\u5de5\n\n def add_employee(self, employee: 'Employee'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5458\u5de5\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n if employee not in self.employees:\n self.employees.append(employee)\n employee.set_department(self) # \u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\n print(f\"\u5458\u5de5 {employee.name} \u52a0\u5165 {self.name} \u90e8\u95e8\")\n\n def remove_employee(self, employee: 'Employee'):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u5458\u5de5\uff1a\u89e3\u9664\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n if employee in self.employees:\n self.employees.remove(employee)\n employee.set_department(None) # \u89e3\u9664\u5173\u7cfb\n print(f\"\u5458\u5de5 {employee.name} \u79bb\u5f00 {self.name} \u90e8\u95e8\")\n\n def get_employee_count(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5458\u5de5\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n return len(self.employees)\n\n def get_employee_names(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d\"\"\"\n return [emp.name for emp in self.employees]\n\n def disband(self):\n \"\"\"\u89e3\u6563\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a\u6574\u4f53\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u90e8\u95e8\u89e3\u6563\")\n for employee in self.employees[:]: # \u4f7f\u7528\u526f\u672c\u904d\u5386\n self.remove_employee(employee)\n\nclass Employee:\n \"\"\"\u5458\u5de5\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, employee_id: str):\n self.name = name\n self.employee_id = employee_id\n self.department = None # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u5458\u5de5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90e8\u95e8\n\n def set_department(self, department: Department):\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90e8\u95e8\"\"\"\n self.department = department\n\n def get_department_info(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u90e8\u95e8\u4fe1\u606f\"\"\"\n if self.department:\n return f\"\u6240\u5c5e\u90e8\u95e8: {self.department.name}\"\n return \"\u6682\u65e0\u90e8\u95e8\"\n\n def transfer(self, new_department: Department):\n \"\"\"\u8c03\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u90e8\u95e8\"\"\"\n old_dept = self.department\n if old_dept:\n old_dept.remove_employee(self)\n new_department.add_employee(self)\n\nclass Project:\n \"\"\"\u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u591a\u91cd\u805a\u5408\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n self.team_members = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u5458\u5de5\n\n def assign_team_member(self, employee: Employee):\n \"\"\"\u5206\u914d\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\"\"\"\n if employee not in self.team_members:\n self.team_members.append(employee)\n print(f\"\u5458\u5de5 {employee.name} \u52a0\u5165\u9879\u76ee {self.name}\")\n\n def remove_team_member(self, employee: Employee):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\"\"\"\n if employee in self.team_members:\n self.team_members.remove(employee)\n print(f\"\u5458\u5de5 {employee.name} \u79bb\u5f00\u9879\u76ee {self.name}\")\n\n def complete_project(self):\n \"\"\"\u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u56de\u5f52\u539f\u90e8\u95e8\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u9879\u76ee {self.name} \u5b8c\u6210\")\n self.team_members.clear()\n\nprint(\"=== \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u95e8\uff08\u6574\u4f53\uff09\nengineering = Department(\"\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\")\nmarketing = Department(\"\u5e02\u573a\u90e8\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u5458\u5de5\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09\nalice = Employee(\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\", \"E001\")\nbob = Employee(\"\u9c8d\u52c3\", \"E002\")\ncharlie = Employee(\"\u67e5\u7406\", \"E003\")\n\n# \u5efa\u7acb\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\nprint(\"1. \u90e8\u95e8\u805a\u5408\u5458\u5de5:\")\nengineering.add_employee(alice)\nengineering.add_employee(bob)\nmarketing.add_employee(charlie)\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\u5458\u5de5: {engineering.get_employee_names()}\")\nprint(f\"\u5e02\u573a\u90e8\u5458\u5de5: {marketing.get_employee_names()}\")\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u90e8\u95e8: {alice.get_department_info()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u5458\u5de5\u8c03\u52a8\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff09:\")\nalice.transfer(marketing)\nprint(f\"\u5de5\u7a0b\u90e8\u5458\u5de5: {engineering.get_employee_names()}\")\nprint(f\"\u5e02\u573a\u90e8\u5458\u5de5: {marketing.get_employee_names()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u591a\u91cd\u805a\u5408\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff09:\")\nproject_a = Project(\"\u9879\u76eeA\")\nproject_b = Project(\"\u9879\u76eeB\")\n\nproject_a.assign_team_member(alice)\nproject_a.assign_team_member(bob)\nproject_b.assign_team_member(alice) # \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\n\nprint(f\"\u9879\u76eeA\u56e2\u961f: {[e.name for e in project_a.team_members]}\")\nprint(f\"\u9879\u76eeB\u56e2\u961f: {[e.name for e in project_b.team_members]}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u6574\u4f53\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728:\")\nengineering.disband()\nprint(f\"\u9c8d\u52c3\u7684\u90e8\u95e8: {bob.get_department_info()}\")\nprint(f\"\u9c8d\u52c3\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5417? {bob is not None}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n5. \u9879\u76ee\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728:\")\nproject_a.complete_project()\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5417? {alice is not None}\")\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u90e8\u95e8: {alice.get_department_info()}\")\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u5f81:\")\nprint(\"1. \u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u7cfb: \u90e8\u95e8\u5305\u542b\u5458\u5de5\")\nprint(\"2. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u72ec\u7acb: \u90e8\u95e8\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\")\nprint(\"3. \u591a\u91cd\u5f52\u5c5e: \u5458\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\")\nprint(\"4. \u53ef\u5171\u4eab: \u591a\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.2 \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Fleet:\n \"\"\"\u8f66\u961f\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n self.vehicles = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u8f66\u961f\u5305\u542b\u8f66\u8f86\n\n def add_vehicle(self, vehicle: 'Vehicle'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8f66\u8f86\"\"\"\n if vehicle not in self.vehicles:\n self.vehicles.append(vehicle)\n vehicle.assign_to_fleet(self)\n print(f\"\u8f66\u8f86 {vehicle.license_plate} \u52a0\u5165\u8f66\u961f {self.name}\")\n\n def remove_vehicle(self, vehicle: 'Vehicle'):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u8f66\u8f86\"\"\"\n if vehicle in self.vehicles:\n self.vehicles.remove(vehicle)\n vehicle.assign_to_fleet(None)\n print(f\"\u8f66\u8f86 {vehicle.license_plate} \u79bb\u5f00\u8f66\u961f {self.name}\")\n\n def get_vehicle_count(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8f66\u8f86\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n return len(self.vehicles)\n\nclass Vehicle:\n \"\"\"\u8f66\u8f86\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, license_plate: str, model: str):\n self.license_plate = license_plate\n self.model = model\n self.fleet = None # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u8f66\u8f86\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8f66\u961f\n\n def assign_to_fleet(self, fleet: Fleet):\n \"\"\"\u5206\u914d\u5230\u8f66\u961f\"\"\"\n self.fleet = fleet\n\n def get_fleet_info(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8f66\u961f\u4fe1\u606f\"\"\"\n if self.fleet:\n return f\"\u6240\u5c5e\u8f66\u961f: {self.fleet.name}\"\n return \"\u672a\u5206\u914d\u8f66\u961f\"\n\n def transfer(self, new_fleet: Fleet):\n \"\"\"\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u8f66\u961f\"\"\"\n old_fleet = self.fleet\n if old_fleet:\n old_fleet.remove_vehicle(self)\n new_fleet.add_vehicle(self)\n\nclass ShoppingCart:\n \"\"\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff1a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u5408\u4f8b\u5b50\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, cart_id: str):\n self.cart_id = cart_id\n self.items = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5305\u542b\u5546\u54c1\n\n def add_item(self, product: 'Product'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5546\u54c1\"\"\"\n if product not in self.items:\n self.items.append(product)\n product.add_to_cart(self)\n print(f\"\u5546\u54c1 {product.name} \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66 {self.cart_id}\")\n\n def remove_item(self, product: 'Product'):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u5546\u54c1\"\"\"\n if product in self.items:\n self.items.remove(product)\n product.remove_from_cart(self)\n print(f\"\u5546\u54c1 {product.name} \u4ece\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66 {self.cart_id} \u79fb\u9664\")\n\n def checkout(self):\n \"\"\"\u7ed3\u8d26\uff1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66 {self.cart_id} \u7ed3\u8d26\")\n total = sum(item.price for item in self.items)\n print(f\"\u603b\u4ef7: {total}\")\n self.items.clear()\n\nclass Product:\n \"\"\"\u5546\u54c1\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, price: float):\n self.name = name\n self.price = price\n self.in_carts = [] # \u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u4e2d\n\n def add_to_cart(self, cart: ShoppingCart):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\"\"\"\n if cart not in self.in_carts:\n self.in_carts.append(cart)\n\n def remove_from_cart(self, cart: ShoppingCart):\n \"\"\"\u4ece\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u79fb\u9664\"\"\"\n if cart in self.in_carts:\n self.in_carts.remove(cart)\n\nprint(\"=== \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ===\")\n\nprint(\"1. \u8f66\u961f\u4e0e\u8f66\u8f86:\")\nexpress_fleet = Fleet(\"\u5feb\u9012\u8f66\u961f\")\nlogistics_fleet = Fleet(\"\u7269\u6d41\u8f66\u961f\")\n\ntruck1 = Vehicle(\"\u4eacA12345\", \"\u91cd\u578b\u5361\u8f66\")\ntruck2 = Vehicle(\"\u4eacB67890\", \"\u53a2\u5f0f\u8d27\u8f66\")\n\nexpress_fleet.add_vehicle(truck1)\nlogistics_fleet.add_vehicle(truck2)\n\nprint(f\"\u5feb\u9012\u8f66\u961f\u8f66\u8f86: {express_fleet.get_vehicle_count()}\")\nprint(f\"\u5361\u8f661\u6240\u5c5e: {truck1.get_fleet_info()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8f66\u8f86\u8f6c\u79fb:\")\ntruck1.transfer(logistics_fleet)\nprint(f\"\u5361\u8f661\u6240\u5c5e: {truck1.get_fleet_info()}\")\nprint(f\"\u5feb\u9012\u8f66\u961f\u8f66\u8f86: {express_fleet.get_vehicle_count()}\")\nprint(f\"\u7269\u6d41\u8f66\u961f\u8f66\u8f86: {logistics_fleet.get_vehicle_count()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1:\")\ncart1 = ShoppingCart(\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f661\")\ncart2 = ShoppingCart(\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f662\")\n\napple = Product(\"\u82f9\u679c\", 5.0)\nbanana = Product(\"\u9999\u8549\", 3.0)\n\ncart1.add_item(apple)\ncart1.add_item(banana)\ncart2.add_item(apple) # \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u54c1\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\n\nprint(f\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f661\u5546\u54c1\u6570: {len(cart1.items)}\")\nprint(f\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f662\u5546\u54c1\u6570: {len(cart2.items)}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u7ed3\u8d26:\")\ncart1.checkout()\nprint(f\"\u82f9\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5417? {apple is not None}\")\nprint(f\"\u82f9\u679c\u4ef7\u683c: {apple.price}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb – \u751f\u6b7b\u4e0e\u5171<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u751f\u6b7b\u4e0e\u5171\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Computer:\n \"\"\"\u7535\u8111\uff1a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u7531\u90e8\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, brand: str):\n self.brand = brand\n # \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u7535\u8111\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u4ef6\n self.cpu = CPU(\"Intel i7\") # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1aCPU\u662f\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.memory = Memory(16) # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.storage = Storage(512) # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.os = OperatingSystem(\"Windows 11\") # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n\n print(f\"\u521b\u5efa {brand} \u7535\u8111\uff0c\u5305\u542b:\")\n print(f\" CPU: {self.cpu.model}\")\n print(f\" \u5185\u5b58: {self.cpu.memory.size}GB\")\n print(f\" \u5b58\u50a8: {self.storage.capacity}GB\")\n print(f\" \u7cfb\u7edf: {self.os.name}\")\n\n def power_on(self):\n \"\"\"\u5f00\u673a\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u90e8\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.brand} \u7535\u8111\u5f00\u673a\")\n self.cpu.initialize()\n self.memory.load_bios()\n self.os.boot()\n\n def power_off(self):\n \"\"\"\u5173\u673a\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.brand} \u7535\u8111\u5173\u673a\")\n self.os.shutdown()\n self.cpu.power_down()\n\n def upgrade_memory(self, new_size: int):\n \"\"\"\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u5b58\uff1a\u66f4\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u5b58: {self.memory.size}GB -> {new_size}GB\")\n # \u65e7\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\n self.memory = Memory(new_size)\n\n def __del__(self):\n \"\"\"\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u7535\u8111\u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e5f\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.brand} \u7535\u8111\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\")\n\nclass CPU:\n \"\"\"CPU\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7535\u8111\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, model: str):\n self.model = model\n self.memory = None # \u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8111\u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\n\n def initialize(self):\n \"\"\"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\"\"\"\n print(f\"CPU {self.model} \u521d\u59cb\u5316\")\n\n def power_down(self):\n \"\"\"\u65ad\u7535\"\"\"\n print(f\"CPU {self.model} \u65ad\u7535\")\n\n def connect_memory(self, memory: 'Memory'):\n \"\"\"\u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\"\"\"\n self.memory = memory\n\nclass Memory:\n \"\"\"\u5185\u5b58\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, size: int):\n self.size = size\n\n def load_bios(self):\n \"\"\"\u52a0\u8f7dBIOS\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.size}GB \u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u8f7dBIOS\")\n\nclass Storage:\n \"\"\"\u5b58\u50a8\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, capacity: int):\n self.capacity = capacity\n\nclass OperatingSystem:\n \"\"\"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n\n def boot(self):\n \"\"\"\u542f\u52a8\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf {self.name} \u542f\u52a8\")\n\n def shutdown(self):\n \"\"\"\u5173\u673a\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf {self.name} \u5173\u673a\")\n\nprint(\"=== \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u7535\u8111\uff08\u6574\u4f53\uff09\nprint(\"1. \u521b\u5efa\u7535\u8111\uff08\u6574\u4f53\u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u5206\uff09:\")\nmy_pc = Computer(\"\u6234\u5c14\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7535\u8111:\")\nmy_pc.power_on()\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u5347\u7ea7\u90e8\u4ef6:\")\nmy_pc.upgrade_memory(32)\nprint(f\"\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u5185\u5b58: {my_pc.memory.size}GB\")\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u7535\u8111\u5173\u673a:\")\nmy_pc.power_off()\n\nprint(\"\\n5. \u90e8\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728:\")\ntry:\n # CPU\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7535\u8111\u5de5\u4f5c\n cpu = my_pc.cpu\n print(f\"CPU\u578b\u53f7: {cpu.model}\")\n print(\"\u4f46CPU\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7535\u8111\u6574\u4f53\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n print(f\"\u9519\u8bef: {e}\")\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u7535\u8111\nprint(\"\\n6. \u9500\u6bc1\u7535\u8111\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u968f\u4e4b\u9500\u6bc1\uff09:\")\ndel my_pc\nprint(\"\u7535\u8111\u9500\u6bc1\u5b8c\u6210\")\n\n# \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\nprint(\"\\n=== \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b ===\")\n\nclass House:\n \"\"\"\u623f\u5b50\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, address: str):\n self.address = address\n # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u623f\u95f4\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.rooms = [\n Room(\"\u5ba2\u5385\", 20),\n Room(\"\u5367\u5ba4\", 15),\n Room(\"\u53a8\u623f\", 10)\n ]\n # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5c4b\u9876\u662f\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.roof = Roof(\"\u74e6\u7247\u5c4b\u9876\")\n\n print(f\"\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5b50: {address}\")\n print(f\"\u5305\u542b\u623f\u95f4: {[room.name for room in self.rooms]}\")\n\n def renovate(self):\n \"\"\"\u88c5\u4fee\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6362\u90e8\u4ef6\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u88c5\u4fee\u623f\u5b50 {self.address}\")\n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\n self.rooms.append(Room(\"\u4e66\u623f\", 12))\n print(f\"\u65b0\u589e\u623f\u95f4: \u4e66\u623f\")\n\n def demolish(self):\n \"\"\"\u62c6\u9664\uff1a\u623f\u5b50\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u623f\u95f4\u548c\u5c4b\u9876\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u62c6\u9664\u623f\u5b50 {self.address}\")\n self.rooms.clear()\n self.roof = None\n\nclass Room:\n \"\"\"\u623f\u95f4\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, area: float):\n self.name = name\n self.area = area\n\nclass Roof:\n \"\"\"\u5c4b\u9876\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, material: str):\n self.material = material\n\nhouse = House(\"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u671d\u9633\u533a123\u53f7\")\nhouse.renovate()\nhouse.demolish()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.2 \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass HumanBody:\n \"\"\"\u4eba\u4f53\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5668\u5b98\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.heart = Heart() # \u5fc3\u810f\n self.brain = Brain() # \u5927\u8111\n self.lungs = [Lung(), Lung()] # \u80ba\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\uff09\n\n print(f\"{name} \u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6784\u9020:\")\n print(f\" \u5fc3\u810f: {self.heart.beat_rate} BPM\")\n print(f\" \u5927\u8111: {self.brain.weight} \u514b\")\n print(f\" \u80ba: {len(self.lungs)} \u4e2a\")\n\n def live(self):\n \"\"\"\u751f\u6d3b\uff1a\u5668\u5b98\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\"\"\"\n print(f\"\\n{self.name} \u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u6d3b\")\n self.heart.start_beating()\n self.brain.think(\"\u6211\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\")\n for lung in self.lungs:\n lung.breathe()\n\n def exercise(self):\n \"\"\"\u953b\u70bc\uff1a\u5668\u5b98\u589e\u5f3a\"\"\"\n print(f\"\\n{self.name} \u953b\u70bc\")\n self.heart.increase_rate(20)\n for lung in self.lungs:\n lung.increase_capacity()\n\n def __del__(self):\n \"\"\"\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1a\u5668\u5b98\u968f\u4e4b\u6b7b\u4ea1\"\"\"\n print(f\"\\n{self.name} \u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5668\u5b98\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\")\n self.heart.stop()\n self.brain.shutdown()\n for lung in self.lungs:\n lung.stop()\n\nclass Heart:\n \"\"\"\u5fc3\u810f\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.beat_rate = 72 # BPM\n\n def start_beating(self):\n \"\"\"\u5f00\u59cb\u8df3\u52a8\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u5fc3\u810f\u5f00\u59cb\u8df3\u52a8: {self.beat_rate} BPM\")\n\n def increase_rate(self, amount: int):\n \"\"\"\u589e\u52a0\u5fc3\u7387\"\"\"\n self.beat_rate += amount\n print(f\"\u5fc3\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u81f3: {self.beat_rate} BPM\")\n\n def stop(self):\n \"\"\"\u505c\u6b62\"\"\"\n print(\"\u5fc3\u810f\u505c\u6b62\u8df3\u52a8\")\n\nclass Brain:\n \"\"\"\u5927\u8111\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.weight = 1400 # \u514b\n\n def think(self, thought: str):\n \"\"\"\u601d\u8003\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u5927\u8111\u601d\u8003: {thought}\")\n\n def shutdown(self):\n \"\"\"\u5173\u95ed\"\"\"\n print(\"\u5927\u8111\u505c\u6b62\u6d3b\u52a8\")\n\nclass Lung:\n \"\"\"\u80ba\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.capacity = 6.0 # \u5347\n\n def breathe(self):\n \"\"\"\u547c\u5438\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u80ba\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf: {self.capacity}L\")\n\n def increase_capacity(self):\n \"\"\"\u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n self.capacity += 0.1\n print(f\"\u80ba\u5bb9\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u81f3: {self.capacity:.1f}L\")\n\n def stop(self):\n \"\"\"\u505c\u6b62\"\"\"\n print(\"\u80ba\u505c\u6b62\u547c\u5438\")\n\nprint(\"=== \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4eba\u4f53\nperson = HumanBody(\"\u5f20\u4e09\")\n\n# \u751f\u6d3b\nperson.live()\nperson.exercise()\n\n# \u4eba\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff08\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nprint(\"\\n\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1:\")\ndel person\n\n# \u5668\u5b98\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\nprint(\"\\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u5668\u5b98:\")\ntry:\n heart = Heart()\n heart.start_beating()\n print(\"\u4f46\u8fd9\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5fc3\u810f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\")\nexcept:\n pass\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u5f81:\")\nprint(\"1. \u5f3a\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb: \u4eba\u4f53\u5305\u542b\u5668\u5b98\")\nprint(\"2. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e00\u81f4: \u5668\u5b98\u968f\u4eba\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\")\nprint(\"3. \u4e0d\u53ef\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728: \u5668\u5b98\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u4eba\u4f53\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\")\nprint(\"4. \u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408: \u5668\u5b98\u95f4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u6bd4\u77e9\u9635<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7efc\u5408\u5bf9\u6bd4\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass UniversitySystem:\n \"\"\"\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n # ==================== \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class University:\n \"\"\"\u5927\u5b66\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u5305\u542b\u6821\u533a\uff0c\u6821\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\n self.campuses = [\n self.Campus(\"\u4e3b\u6821\u533a\", \"\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\"),\n self.Campus(\"\u5206\u6821\u533a\", \"\u90ca\u533a\")\n ]\n print(f\"\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u5b66: {name}\")\n\n class Campus:\n \"\"\"\u6821\u533a\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, location: str):\n self.name = name\n self.location = location\n\n def __str__(self):\n return f\"{self.name}({self.location})\"\n\n # ==================== \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class Department:\n \"\"\"\u9662\u7cfb\uff1a\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str):\n self.name = name\n self.professors = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u9662\u7cfb\u5305\u542b\u6559\u6388\n print(f\"\u521b\u5efa\u9662\u7cfb: {name}\")\n\n def hire_professor(self, professor: 'Professor'):\n \"\"\"\u8058\u7528\u6559\u6388\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n if professor not in self.professors:\n self.professors.append(professor)\n professor.department = self # \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n\n def disband(self):\n \"\"\"\u89e3\u6563\u9662\u7cfb\uff1a\u6559\u6388\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u89e3\u6563\u9662\u7cfb: {self.name}\")\n for professor in self.professors:\n professor.department = None\n self.professors.clear()\n\n # ==================== \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class Professor:\n \"\"\"\u6559\u6388\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, field: str):\n self.name = name\n self.field = field\n self.department = None # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u6559\u6388\u77e5\u9053\u9662\u7cfb\n self.advisees = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u6559\u6388\u6307\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\n\n def advise_student(self, student: 'Student'):\n \"\"\"\u6307\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\"\"\"\n if student not in self.advisees:\n self.advisees.append(student)\n student.advisor = self\n\n def __str__(self):\n dept_name = self.department.name if self.department else \"\u6682\u65e0\"\n return f\"{self.name}\u6559\u6388({self.field}) - {dept_name}\"\n\n # ==================== \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class Student:\n \"\"\"\u5b66\u751f\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u793a\u4f8b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, student_id: str):\n self.name = name\n self.student_id = student_id\n self.advisor = None # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u77e5\u9053\u5bfc\u5e08\n\n def register_course(self, course_registrar: 'CourseRegistrar', course_code: str):\n \"\"\"\u6ce8\u518c\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56CourseRegistrar\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\n success = course_registrar.register(self, course_code)\n if success:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6210\u529f\u6ce8\u518c\u8bfe\u7a0b {course_code}\")\n else:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6ce8\u518c\u8bfe\u7a0b {course_code} \u5931\u8d25\")\n\n def submit_assignment(self, assignment: 'Assignment', grader: 'Grader'):\n \"\"\"\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56Assignment\u548cGrader\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\n grade = grader.grade(assignment)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u63d0\u4ea4\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f97\u5206: {grade}\")\n\n def __str__(self):\n advisor_name = self.advisor.name if self.advisor else \"\u6682\u65e0\"\n return f\"{self.name}({self.student_id}) - \u5bfc\u5e08: {advisor_name}\"\n\n # ==================== \u5176\u4ed6\u8f85\u52a9\u7c7b ====================\n class CourseRegistrar:\n \"\"\"\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6ce8\u518c\u5668\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.registered_courses = {}\n\n def register(self, student: 'Student', course_code: str) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u6ce8\u518c\u8bfe\u7a0b\"\"\"\n if student.student_id not in self.registered_courses:\n self.registered_courses[student.student_id] = []\n\n if len(self.registered_courses[student.student_id]) < 5: # \u6700\u591a5\u95e8\n self.registered_courses[student.student_id].append(course_code)\n return True\n return False\n\n class Assignment:\n \"\"\"\u4f5c\u4e1a\"\"\"\n pass\n\n class Grader:\n \"\"\"\u8bc4\u5206\u5668\"\"\"\n\n def grade(self, assignment: Assignment) -> float:\n \"\"\"\u8bc4\u5206\"\"\"\n import random\n return round(random.uniform(60, 100), 1)\n\nprint(\"=== \u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7efc\u5408\u5bf9\u6bd4 ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\nsystem = UniversitySystem()\n\nprint(\"\\n1. \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb - \u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u6821\u533a:\")\nuniversity = system.University(\"\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\")\nprint(f\"\u5927\u5b66: {university.name}\")\nprint(f\"\u6821\u533a: {[str(campus) for campus in university.campuses]}\")\nprint(\"\u7279\u70b9: \u6821\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u5b58\u5728\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb - \u9662\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6559\u6388:\")\ncs_dept = system.Department(\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\")\nprof_wang = system.Professor(\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\", \"\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\")\nprof_li = system.Professor(\"\u674e\u6559\u6388\", \"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\")\n\ncs_dept.hire_professor(prof_wang)\ncs_dept.hire_professor(prof_li)\n\nprint(f\"\u9662\u7cfb: {cs_dept.name}\")\nprint(f\"\u6559\u6388: {[str(prof) for prof in cs_dept.professors]}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u89e3\u6563\u9662\u7cfb:\")\ncs_dept.disband()\nprint(f\"\u6559\u6388\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728: {prof_wang is not None}\")\nprint(f\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u9662\u7cfb: {prof_wang.department}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb - \u6559\u6388\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f:\")\nalice = system.Student(\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\", \"S001\")\nbob = system.Student(\"\u9c8d\u52c3\", \"S002\")\n\nprof_wang.advise_student(alice)\nprof_wang.advise_student(bob)\n\nprint(f\"\u738b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5b66\u751f: {[s.name for s in prof_wang.advisees]}\")\nprint(f\"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08: {alice.advisor.name if alice.advisor else '\u65e0'}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb - \u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u6ce8\u518c\u5668:\")\nregistrar = system.UniversitySystem.CourseRegistrar()\ngrader = system.UniversitySystem.Grader()\nassignment = system.UniversitySystem.Assignment()\n\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"CS101\")\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"MATH101\")\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"PHYS101\")\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"CHEM101\")\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"BIO101\")\nalice.register_course(registrar, \"ENG101\") # \u5e94\u8be5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc75\u95e8\n\nalice.submit_assignment(assignment, grader)\n\nprint(f\"\\n\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3:\")\nprint(\"=\" * 60)\nprint(\"| \u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b | \u5f3a\u5ea6 | \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f | \u72ec\u7acb\u6027 | \u4f8b\u5b50 |\")\nprint(\"|----------|------|----------|--------|------|\")\nprint(\"| \u4f9d\u8d56 | \u5f31 | \u4e34\u65f6 | \u9ad8 | \u5b66\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u518c\u5668 |\")\nprint(\"| \u5173\u8054 | \u4e2d | \u6301\u4e45 | \u9ad8 | \u6559\u6388\u6307\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f |\")\nprint(\"| \u805a\u5408 | \u5f3a | \u72ec\u7acb | \u4e2d | \u9662\u7cfb\u5305\u542b\u6559\u6388 |\")\nprint(\"| \u7ec4\u5408 | \u6700\u5f3a | \u4e00\u81f4 | \u4f4e | \u5927\u5b66\u5305\u542b\u6821\u533a |\")\nprint(\"=\" * 60)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n5.2 \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u62e9\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357\n# ============================================================================\n\ndef relationship_decision_guide():\n \"\"\"\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u62e9\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357\"\"\"\n\n print(\"=== \u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u62e9\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357 ===\")\n\n questions = [\n \"1. \u5bf9\u8c61B\u80fd\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61A\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\",\n \"2. \u5bf9\u8c61B\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61A\uff1f\",\n \"3. \u5bf9\u8c61A\u662f\u5426\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61B\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff1f\",\n \"4. \u5bf9\u8c61A\u662f\u5426\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61B\uff1f\",\n \"5. \u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\uff1f\"\n ]\n\n print(\"\\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b:\")\n print(\"-\" * 50)\n\n for i, question in enumerate(questions, 1):\n print(f\"{i}. {question}\")\n\n print(\"\\n\u6839\u636e\u7b54\u6848\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb:\")\n print(\"-\" * 50)\n\n scenarios = [\n {\n \"name\": \"\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\",\n \"conditions\": [\n \"B\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eA\u5b58\u5728\",\n \"B\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aA\",\n \"A\u63a7\u5236B\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\",\n \"A\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981B\",\n \"\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\"\n ],\n \"example\": \"\u623f\u5b50\u4e0e\u623f\u95f4\u3001\u4eba\u4f53\u4e0e\u5668\u5b98\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"\u4f7f\u7528\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\",\n \"conditions\": [\n \"B\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eA\u5b58\u5728\",\n \"B\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2aA\",\n \"A\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236B\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\",\n \"A\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981B\",\n \"\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6301\u4e45\"\n ],\n \"example\": \"\u8f66\u961f\u4e0e\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\",\n \"conditions\": [\n \"B\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eA\u5b58\u5728\",\n \"B\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u8054\u591a\u4e2aA\",\n \"A\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236B\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\",\n \"A\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053B\",\n \"\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u4e45\"\n ],\n \"example\": \"\u6559\u6388\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4e66\"\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\",\n \"conditions\": [\n \"B\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eA\u5b58\u5728\",\n \"B\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2aA\u4e34\u65f6\u4ea4\u4e92\",\n \"A\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236B\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\",\n \"A\u4ec5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9700\u8981B\",\n \"\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\"\n ],\n \"example\": \"\u53a8\u5e08\u4e0e\u98df\u8c31\u3001\u53f8\u673a\u4e0e\u5730\u56fe\"\n }\n ]\n\n for scenario in scenarios:\n print(f\"\\n{scenario['name']}:\")\n print(f\" \u6761\u4ef6: {', '.join(scenario['conditions'])}\")\n print(f\" \u4f8b\u5b50: {scenario['example']}\")\n\n# \u5b9e\u9645\u51b3\u7b56\u793a\u4f8b\nprint(\"=== \u5b9e\u9645\u51b3\u7b56\u793a\u4f8b ===\")\n\nclass DesignExample:\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u62e9\"\"\"\n\n @staticmethod\n def design_car_system():\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6c7d\u8f66\u7cfb\u7edf\"\"\"\n print(\"\\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898: \u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\")\n\n print(\"\\n\u5206\u6790:\")\n print(\"1. \u5f15\u64ce\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u7ec4\u5408\")\n print(\"2. \u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u5173\u8054\/\u4f9d\u8d56\")\n print(\"3. \u6c7d\u8f66\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\u5417\uff1f \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a -> \u5173\u8054\")\n print(\"4. \u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u5417\uff1f \u4e0d\u662f -> \u5173\u8054\")\n\n print(\"\\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56:\")\n print(\"- \u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0e\u5f15\u64ce: \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\")\n print(\"- \u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0e\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458: \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6c7d\u8f66\u77e5\u9053\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\uff09\")\n\n class Engine:\n \"\"\"\u5f15\u64ce\uff1a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\"\"\"\n pass\n\n class Driver:\n \"\"\"\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n pass\n\n class Car:\n \"\"\"\u6c7d\u8f66\"\"\"\n def __init__(self):\n self.engine = Engine() # \u7ec4\u5408\n self.driver = None # \u5173\u8054\n\n def assign_driver(self, driver: Driver):\n \"\"\"\u5206\u914d\u9a7e\u9a76\u5458\"\"\"\n self.driver = driver\n\n return Car, Engine, Driver\n\n @staticmethod\n def design_order_system():\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba2\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\"\"\"\n print(\"\\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898: \u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\")\n\n print(\"\\n\u5206\u6790:\")\n print(\"1. \u5546\u54c1\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8ba2\u5355\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u805a\u5408\")\n print(\"2. \u5ba2\u6237\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8ba2\u5355\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u5173\u8054\")\n print(\"3. \u8ba2\u5355\u603b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5546\u54c1\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u805a\u5408\")\n print(\"4. \u8ba2\u5355\u5220\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f \u662f\u7684 -> \u805a\u5408\")\n\n print(\"\\n\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56:\")\n print(\"- \u8ba2\u5355\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1: \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8ba2\u5355\u5305\u542b\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u54c1\u72ec\u7acb\uff09\")\n print(\"- \u8ba2\u5355\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237: \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8ba2\u5355\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\uff09\")\n\n class Product:\n \"\"\"\u5546\u54c1\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n pass\n\n class Customer:\n \"\"\"\u5ba2\u6237\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\"\"\"\n pass\n\n class Order:\n \"\"\"\u8ba2\u5355\"\"\"\n def __init__(self, customer: Customer):\n self.customer = customer # \u5173\u8054\n self.products = [] # \u805a\u5408\n\n def add_product(self, product: Product):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5546\u54c1\"\"\"\n self.products.append(product)\n\n return Order, Product, Customer\n\n# \u8fd0\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793a\u4f8b\nDesignExample.design_car_system()\nDesignExample.design_order_system()\n\n# \u663e\u793a\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357\nrelationship_decision_guide()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528 – \u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass ECommerceSystem:\n \"\"\"\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n # ==================== \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class Order:\n \"\"\"\u8ba2\u5355\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, order_id: str, customer: 'Customer'):\n self.order_id = order_id\n self.customer = customer # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\n self.items = [] # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u662f\u8ba2\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n self.shipping_address = None\n self.payment = None\n self.status = \"\u5f85\u4ed8\u6b3e\"\n\n print(f\"\u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355 #{order_id}\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237: {customer.name}\")\n\n def add_item(self, product: 'Product', quantity: int):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n item = self.OrderItem(product, quantity)\n self.items.append(item)\n print(f\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5546\u54c1: {product.name} \u00d7{quantity}\")\n\n def set_shipping_address(self, address: 'Address'):\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n self.shipping_address = address\n print(f\"\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740: {address.full_address}\")\n\n def set_payment(self, payment_method: 'PaymentMethod'):\n \"\"\"\u8bbe\u7f6e\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n # \u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a\u652f\u4ed8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528PaymentMethod\n self.payment = payment_method\n success = payment_method.process_payment(self.total_amount())\n if success:\n self.status = \"\u5df2\u4ed8\u6b3e\"\n print(f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{self.order_id} \u4ed8\u6b3e\u6210\u529f\")\n else:\n print(f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{self.order_id} \u4ed8\u6b3e\u5931\u8d25\")\n\n def ship(self):\n \"\"\"\u53d1\u8d27\"\"\"\n if self.status == \"\u5df2\u4ed8\u6b3e\":\n self.status = \"\u5df2\u53d1\u8d27\"\n print(f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{self.order_id} \u5df2\u53d1\u8d27\")\n return True\n print(f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{self.order_id} \u672a\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u8d27\")\n return False\n\n def total_amount(self) -> float:\n \"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u91d1\u989d\"\"\"\n return sum(item.subtotal() for item in self.items)\n\n def __str__(self):\n return (f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{self.order_id}\\n\"\n f\"\u5ba2\u6237: {self.customer.name}\\n\"\n f\"\u72b6\u6001: {self.status}\\n\"\n f\"\u603b\u91d1\u989d: \u00a5{self.total_amount():.2f}\\n\"\n f\"\u5546\u54c1\u6570: {len(self.items)}\")\n\n class OrderItem:\n \"\"\"\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, product: 'Product', quantity: int):\n self.product = product # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u5f15\u7528\u5546\u54c1\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def subtotal(self) -> float:\n \"\"\"\u5c0f\u8ba1\"\"\"\n return self.product.price * self.quantity\n\n def __str__(self):\n return f\"{self.product.name} \u00d7{self.quantity}: \u00a5{self.subtotal():.2f}\"\n\n # ==================== \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class ShoppingCart:\n \"\"\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff1a\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, customer: 'Customer'):\n self.customer = customer # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\n self.items = [] # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5305\u542b\u5546\u54c1\n print(f\"\u521b\u5efa\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237: {customer.name}\")\n\n def add_product(self, product: 'Product', quantity: int = 1):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5546\u54c1\uff1a\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n # \u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\n existing = next((item for item in self.items \n if item.product == product), None)\n if existing:\n existing.quantity += quantity\n else:\n self.items.append(self.CartItem(product, quantity))\n print(f\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66: {product.name} \u00d7{quantity}\")\n\n def remove_product(self, product: 'Product'):\n \"\"\"\u79fb\u9664\u5546\u54c1\"\"\"\n self.items = [item for item in self.items \n if item.product != product]\n print(f\"\u4ece\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u79fb\u9664: {product.name}\")\n\n def checkout(self) -> 'Order':\n \"\"\"\u7ed3\u8d26\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355\"\"\"\n if not self.items:\n print(\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed3\u8d26\")\n return None\n\n # \u751f\u6210\u8ba2\u5355ID\n import uuid\n order_id = f\"ORD-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8].upper()}\"\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355\n order = self.Order(order_id, self.customer)\n\n # \u5c06\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5546\u54c1\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8ba2\u5355\n for item in self.items:\n order.add_item(item.product, item.quantity)\n\n # \u6e05\u7a7a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\n self.items.clear()\n\n print(f\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u7ed3\u8d26\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8ba2\u5355 #{order_id}\")\n return order\n\n def total_amount(self) -> float:\n \"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u91d1\u989d\"\"\"\n return sum(item.subtotal() for item in self.items)\n\n class CartItem:\n \"\"\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u9879\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, product: 'Product', quantity: int):\n self.product = product # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u5546\u54c1\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def subtotal(self) -> float:\n \"\"\"\u5c0f\u8ba1\"\"\"\n return self.product.price * self.quantity\n\n # ==================== \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb ====================\n class Customer:\n \"\"\"\u5ba2\u6237\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, customer_id: str, name: str, email: str):\n self.customer_id = customer_id\n self.name = name\n self.email = email\n self.addresses = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\n self.orders = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\n self.wishlist = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5355\n\n print(f\"\u6ce8\u518c\u5ba2\u6237: {name} ({email})\")\n\n def add_address(self, address: 'Address'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n if address not in self.addresses:\n self.addresses.append(address)\n address.customer = self # \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6dfb\u52a0\u5730\u5740: {address.full_address}\")\n\n def place_order(self, order: 'Order'):\n \"\"\"\u4e0b\u8ba2\u5355\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n self.orders.append(order)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u4e0b\u5355: \u8ba2\u5355 #{order.order_id}\")\n\n def add_to_wishlist(self, product: 'Product'):\n \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u613f\u671b\u5355\uff1a\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\"\"\"\n if product not in self.wishlist:\n self.wishlist.append(product)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6dfb\u52a0 {product.name} \u5230\u613f\u671b\u5355\")\n\n def get_order_history(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8ba2\u5355\u5386\u53f2\"\"\"\n return [f\"\u8ba2\u5355 #{o.order_id}: \u00a5{o.total_amount():.2f} ({o.status})\" \n for o in self.orders]\n\n # ==================== \u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b ====================\n class Product:\n \"\"\"\u5546\u54c1\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, product_id: str, name: str, price: float):\n self.product_id = product_id\n self.name = name\n self.price = price\n self.stock = 0\n\n def __str__(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (\u00a5{self.price:.2f})\"\n\n class Address:\n \"\"\"\u5730\u5740\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, street: str, city: str, postal_code: str):\n self.street = street\n self.city = city\n self.postal_code = postal_code\n self.customer = None # \u5173\u8054\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\n\n @property\n def full_address(self):\n return f\"{self.street}, {self.city} {self.postal_code}\"\n\n class PaymentMethod:\n \"\"\"\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\"\"\"\n\n def process_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u5904\u7406\u652f\u4ed8\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u652f\u4ed8\u8fc7\u7a0b\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u5904\u7406\u652f\u4ed8: \u00a5{amount:.2f}\")\n # \u6a21\u62df\u652f\u4ed8\u6210\u529f\n import random\n return random.random() > 0.1 # 90%\u6210\u529f\u7387\n\n# \u8fd0\u884c\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u62df\ndef simulate_ecommerce():\n \"\"\"\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\"\"\"\n\n print(\"=== \u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u62df ===\")\n print(\"\u6f14\u793a\u56db\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\\n\")\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\n system = ECommerceSystem()\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5ba2\u6237\uff08\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\n print(\"1. \u521b\u5efa\u5ba2\u6237\uff08\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff09:\")\n alice = system.Customer(\"C001\", \"\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\", \"alice@example.com\")\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5730\u5740\n home_address = system.Address(\"\u4eba\u6c11\u8def123\u53f7\", \"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\", \"100000\")\n office_address = system.Address(\"\u79d1\u6280\u56ed456\u53f7\", \"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\", \"100001\")\n\n alice.add_address(home_address)\n alice.add_address(office_address)\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09\n print(\"\\n2. \u521b\u5efa\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09:\")\n iphone = system.Product(\"P001\", \"iPhone 15\", 7999.00)\n macbook = system.Product(\"P002\", \"MacBook Pro\", 12999.00)\n airpods = system.Product(\"P003\", \"AirPods Pro\", 1999.00)\n\n print(f\"\u5546\u54c1: {iphone}, {macbook}, {airpods}\")\n\n # \u4f7f\u7528\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff08\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\n print(\"\\n3. \u4f7f\u7528\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\uff08\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff09:\")\n cart = system.ShoppingCart(alice)\n\n cart.add_product(iphone, 1)\n cart.add_product(macbook, 1)\n cart.add_product(airpods, 2)\n\n print(f\"\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u603b\u91d1\u989d: \u00a5{cart.total_amount():.2f}\")\n\n # \u613f\u671b\u5355\uff08\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\n print(\"\\n4. \u613f\u671b\u5355\uff08\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff09:\")\n alice.add_to_wishlist(system.Product(\"P004\", \"iPad\", 3999.00))\n\n # \u7ed3\u8d26\u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355\uff08\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\n print(\"\\n5. \u7ed3\u8d26\u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355\uff08\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff09:\")\n order = cart.checkout()\n\n if order:\n # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740\n order.set_shipping_address(home_address)\n\n # \u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\n print(\"\\n6. \u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff09:\")\n payment_method = system.PaymentMethod()\n order.set_payment(payment_method)\n\n # \u53d1\u8d27\n if order.status == \"\u5df2\u4ed8\u6b3e\":\n order.ship()\n\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8ba2\u5355\n alice.place_order(order)\n\n # \u67e5\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\n print(\"\\n7. \u5ba2\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6c47\u603b:\")\n print(f\"\u5ba2\u6237: {alice.name}\")\n print(f\"\u5730\u5740\u6570: {len(alice.addresses)}\")\n print(f\"\u613f\u671b\u5355: {[p.name for p in alice.wishlist]}\")\n print(f\"\u8ba2\u5355\u5386\u53f2: {alice.get_order_history()}\")\n\n # \u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\n print(\"\\n8. \u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790:\")\n print(\"-\" * 50)\n print(\"\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb: \u8ba2\u5355\u4e0e\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\")\n print(\" - \u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u662f\u8ba2\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\")\n print(\" - \u8ba2\u5355\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5220\u9664\")\n print(\" - \u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8ba2\u5355\u5b58\u5728\")\n print()\n print(\"\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb: \u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u4e0e\u5546\u54c1\")\n print(\" - \u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5305\u542b\u5546\u54c1\")\n print(\" - \u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u5b58\u5728\")\n print(\" - \u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\")\n print()\n print(\"\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb: \u5ba2\u6237\u4e0e\u8ba2\u5355\")\n print(\" - \u5ba2\u6237\u77e5\u9053\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\")\n print(\" - \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\")\n print(\" - \u4e24\u8005\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u72ec\u7acb\")\n print()\n print(\"\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb: \u8ba2\u5355\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\")\n print(\" - \u8ba2\u5355\u5728\u652f\u4ed8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\")\n print(\" - \u4e34\u65f6\u5173\u7cfb\")\n print(\" - \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n simulate_ecommerce()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
7.1 \u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b<\/th> \u5f3a\u5ea6<\/th> \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/th> \u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/th> UML\u8868\u793a<\/th> \u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u73b0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/td> \u5f31<\/td> \u4e34\u65f6<\/td> \u9ad8<\/td> \u865a\u7ebf\u7bad\u5934<\/td> \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\/\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><\/tr> \u5173\u8054<\/strong><\/td> \u4e2d<\/td> \u6301\u4e45<\/td> \u9ad8<\/td> \u5b9e\u7ebf<\/td> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528<\/td><\/tr> \u805a\u5408<\/strong><\/td> \u5f3a<\/td> \u72ec\u7acb<\/td> \u4e2d<\/td> \u7a7a\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62<\/td> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u6574\u4f53\u4e0d\u63a7\u5236\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/td><\/tr> \u7ec4\u5408<\/strong><\/td> \u6700\u5f3a<\/td> \u4e00\u81f4<\/td> \u4f4e<\/td> \u5b9e\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62<\/td> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u6574\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 7.2 \u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
# \u597d\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u8026\u5408\n def process_order(order_processor, order):\n order_processor.process(order) # \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\n\n # \u4e0d\u597d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\n class TightlyCoupled:\n def __init__(self, order_processor):\n self.processor = order_processor # \u5173\u8054\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u63a7\u5236\n class Computer:\n def __init__(self):\n self.cpu = CPU() # \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u4e00\u8d77\u521b\u5efa\n\n def __del__(self):\n # \u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\u4e00\u8d77\u9500\u6bc1\n del self.cpu\n\n # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\n class Department:\n def __init__(self):\n self.employees = [] # \u5916\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u4f20\u5165<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u597d\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5173\u8054\n class Student:\n def __init__(self):\n self.courses = [] # \u660e\u786e\u7684\u5173\u8054\n\n # \u4e0d\u597d\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\n class Confusing:\n def __init__(self):\n self.parts = [] # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1f\u805a\u5408\uff1f\n self.tools = [] # \u5173\u8054\uff1f\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1f\n self.temp_data = None # \u4e34\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u6574\u4f53-\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u7cfb\n class FileSystemComponent:\n def display(self, indent=0):\n pass\n\n class File(FileSystemComponent):\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def display(self, indent=0):\n print(' ' * indent + f\"\u6587\u4ef6: {self.name}\")\n\n class Folder(FileSystemComponent):\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n self.children = [] # \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\n\n def add(self, component):\n self.children.append(component)\n\n def display(self, indent=0):\n print(' ' * indent + f\"\u6587\u4ef6\u5939: {self.name}\")\n for child in self.children:\n child.display(indent + 2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
class DocumentedRelations:\n \"\"\"\n \u5173\u7cfb\u6587\u6863\u5316\u793a\u4f8b\n\n \u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\n 1. \u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff1aself.engine\n - Engine\u662fCar\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\n - Car\u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\uff0cEngine\u4e5f\u9500\u6bc1\n - Engine\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eCar\u5b58\u5728\n\n 2. \u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\uff1aself.driver\n - Car\u77e5\u9053Driver\n - Driver\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\n - \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6362Driver\n\n 3. \u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff1aself.passengers\n - Car\u5305\u542bPassenger\n - Passenger\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\n - Passenger\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e58\u5750\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Car\n\n 4. \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1anavigation_system\u53c2\u6570\n - \u4ec5\u5728calculate_route\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\n - \u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.engine = Engine() # \u7ec4\u5408\n self.driver = None # \u5173\u8054\n self.passengers = [] # \u805a\u5408\n\n def calculate_route(self, navigation_system): # \u4f9d\u8d56\n return navigation_system.get_route()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n7.3 \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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# \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u8bef\u7528\u805a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5408\n class WrongCar:\n def __init__(self):\n self.engine = Engine() # \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u7ec4\u5408\n\n def replace_engine(self, new_engine):\n # \u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6362\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u805a\u5408\n self.engine = new_engine\n\n # \u6b63\u786e\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u5173\u7cfb\n class Car:\n def __init__(self, engine=None):\n if engine is None:\n self.engine = Engine() # \u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5f15\u64ce\n else:\n self.engine = engine # \u805a\u5408\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u5f15\u64ce<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\n class ReportGenerator:\n def __init__(self):\n self.printer = Printer() # \u8fc7\u5ea6\u8026\u5408\n\n def generate(self):\n # \u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5370\u673a\n self.printer.print(self.report)\n\n # \u6b63\u786e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\n class BetterReportGenerator:\n def generate(self, printer=None):\n # \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6253\u5370\u673a\n if printer:\n printer.print(self.report)\n else:\n print(self.report) # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n class Author:\n def __init__(self, book):\n self.book = book\n book.author = self # \u5efa\u7acb\u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n\n class Book:\n def __init__(self, author):\n self.author = author\n author.book = self # \u53cc\u5411\u5173\u8054\n\n # \u6b63\u786e\uff1a\u5355\u5411\u5173\u8054\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\n class BetterAuthor:\n def __init__(self):\n self.books = [] # \u4f5c\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u4e66\n\n class BetterBook:\n def __init__(self):\n # \u4e66\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u8005\n pass<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n7.4 \u672a\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5411<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u6700\u7ec8\u601d\u8003<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u8bfe\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3 – \u8840\u8109\u4f20\u627f\u4e0e\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u524d\u8a00\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u518d\u601d\u8003<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1ais-a\u5173\u7cfb\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass Animal:\n \"\"\"\u52a8\u7269\u57fa\u7c7b\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5171\u6027\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, age: int):\n self.name = name\n self.age = age\n self.is_alive = True\n\n def eat(self, food: str):\n \"\"\"\u5403\uff1a\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6b63\u5728\u5403 {food}\")\n\n def sleep(self, hours: float):\n \"\"\"\u7761\uff1a\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u7761\u4e86 {hours} \u5c0f\u65f6\")\n\n def make_sound(self):\n \"\"\"\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u62bd\u8c61\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\"\"\"\n raise NotImplementedError(\"\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\")\n\n def get_info(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\"\"\"\n return f\"{self.name} ({self.age}\u5c81)\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n \"\"\"\u72d7\u7c7b\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, breed: str):\n # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\n super().__init__(name, age)\n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u72d7\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\n self.breed = breed\n self.tricks = []\n\n # \u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\n def make_sound(self):\n \"\"\"\u72d7\u53eb\uff1a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n return \"\u6c6a\u6c6a\uff01\"\n\n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n def learn_trick(self, trick: str):\n \"\"\"\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u72d7\u7279\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\"\"\"\n self.tricks.append(trick)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86 {trick}\")\n\n # \u6269\u5c55\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\n def get_info(self):\n \"\"\"\u6269\u5c55\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u72d7\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\"\"\"\n base_info = super().get_info()\n return f\"{base_info}\uff0c\u54c1\u79cd: {self.breed}\uff0c\u4f1a {len(self.tricks)} \u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n \"\"\"\u732b\u7c7b\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u662f\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u6027\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, color: str):\n super().__init__(name, age)\n self.color = color\n self.lives = 9 # \u732b\u6709\u4e5d\u6761\u547d\n\n def make_sound(self):\n \"\"\"\u732b\u53eb\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\"\"\"\n return \"\u55b5\u55b5\uff5e\"\n\n def climb_tree(self):\n \"\"\"\u722c\u6811\uff1a\u732b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6b63\u5728\u722c\u6811\")\n\nprint(\"=== \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u7269\nbuddy = Dog(\"Buddy\", 3, \"\u91d1\u6bdb\")\nwhiskers = Cat(\"Whiskers\", 2, \"\u767d\u8272\")\n\nprint(\"1. \u9a8c\u8bc1is-a\u5173\u7cfb:\")\nprint(f\"Buddy\u662f\u72d7\u5417\uff1f {isinstance(buddy, Dog)}\")\nprint(f\"Buddy\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u5417\uff1f {isinstance(buddy, Animal)}\")\nprint(f\"Buddy\u662f\u732b\u5417\uff1f {isinstance(buddy, Cat)}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nbuddy.eat(\"\u72d7\u7cae\") # \u7ee7\u627f\u81eaAnimal\nwhiskers.sleep(8) # \u7ee7\u627f\u81eaAnimal\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u91cd\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nprint(f\"Buddy\u53eb: {buddy.make_sound()}\") # \u8c03\u7528Dog\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\nprint(f\"Whiskers\u53eb: {whiskers.make_sound()}\") # \u8c03\u7528Cat\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u5b50\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nbuddy.learn_trick(\"\u63e1\u624b\")\nbuddy.learn_trick(\"\u6253\u6eda\")\n# whiskers.learn_trick(\"\u63e1\u624b\") # \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u732b\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\n\nprint(\"\\n5. \u6269\u5c55\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nprint(buddy.get_info())\nprint(whiskers.get_info())\n\nprint(\"\\n6. \u591a\u6001\u6027\u6f14\u793a:\")\nanimals = [buddy, whiskers]\nfor animal in animals:\n print(f\"{animal.name} \u8bf4: {animal.make_sound()}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\uff1a\u8840\u8109\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5f02<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u63a5\u53e3\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass PaymentMethod:\n \"\"\"\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u57fa\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def process_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u5904\u7406\u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u903b\u8f91\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u5904\u7406\u652f\u4ed8: ${amount}\")\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u91d1\u989d\n if amount <= 0:\n print(\"\u9519\u8bef: \u91d1\u989d\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u4e8e0\")\n return False\n\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\n self._log_payment(amount)\n\n # \u5177\u4f53\u652f\u4ed8\u903b\u8f91\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\n success = self._execute_payment(amount)\n\n if success:\n self._send_receipt(amount)\n\n return success\n\n def _execute_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u5199\uff09\"\"\"\n raise NotImplementedError(\"\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\")\n\n def _log_payment(self, amount: float):\n \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u652f\u4ed8\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u5171\u7528\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"[\u65e5\u5fd7] \u652f\u4ed8\u8bf7\u6c42: ${amount}\")\n\n def _send_receipt(self, amount: float):\n \"\"\"\u53d1\u9001\u6536\u636e\uff08\u5171\u7528\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"[\u6536\u636e] \u5df2\u652f\u4ed8: ${amount}\")\n\nclass CreditCardPayment(PaymentMethod):\n \"\"\"\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u652f\u4ed8\uff1a\u91cd\u5199_execute_payment\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, card_number: str, expiry_date: str):\n self.card_number = card_number\n self.expiry_date = expiry_date\n\n def _execute_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u7528\u5361 {self.card_number[-4:]} \u652f\u4ed8 ${amount}\")\n # \u6a21\u62df\u652f\u4ed8\u5904\u7406\n import random\n return random.random() > 0.1 # 90%\u6210\u529f\u7387\n\n def _send_receipt(self, amount: float):\n \"\"\"\u91cd\u5199\u53d1\u9001\u6536\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u7279\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\"\"\"\n super()._send_receipt(amount) # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\n print(f\" \u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u5c3e\u53f7: {self.card_number[-4:]}\")\n print(f\" \u8d26\u5355\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6ce8\u518c\u90ae\u7bb1\")\n\nclass PayPalPayment(PaymentMethod):\n \"\"\"PayPal\u652f\u4ed8\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, email: str):\n self.email = email\n\n def _execute_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u6267\u884cPayPal\u652f\u4ed8\uff08\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"\u4f7f\u7528PayPal\u8d26\u6237 {self.email} \u652f\u4ed8 ${amount}\")\n # \u6a21\u62dfPayPal\u652f\u4ed8\n import random\n return random.random() > 0.05 # 95%\u6210\u529f\u7387\n\n def process_payment(self, amount: float) -> bool:\n \"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5199\u652f\u4ed8\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\uff09\"\"\"\n print(f\"PayPal\u7279\u8272\u652f\u4ed8\u6d41\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\")\n print(f\"\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230PayPal\u9875\u9762...\")\n\n # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u903b\u8f91\n if amount <= 0:\n print(\"\u9519\u8bef: \u91d1\u989d\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u4e8e0\")\n return False\n\n success = self._execute_payment(amount)\n\n if success:\n print(f\"PayPal\u652f\u4ed8\u6210\u529f\uff01\")\n self._send_paypal_receipt(amount)\n\n return success\n\n def _send_paypal_receipt(self, amount: float):\n \"\"\"PayPal\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6536\u636e\u53d1\u9001\"\"\"\n print(f\"PayPal\u6536\u636e\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u5230 {self.email}\")\n\nprint(\"=== \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u540c\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\ncredit_card = CreditCardPayment(\"1234567812345678\", \"12\/25\")\npaypal = PayPalPayment(\"user@example.com\")\n\nprint(\"1. \u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u652f\u4ed8:\")\nresult = credit_card.process_payment(100.0)\nprint(f\"\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed3\u679c: {'\u6210\u529f' if result else '\u5931\u8d25'}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. PayPal\u652f\u4ed8:\")\nresult = paypal.process_payment(50.0)\nprint(f\"\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed3\u679c: {'\u6210\u529f' if result else '\u5931\u8d25'}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u91cd\u5199\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5206\u6790:\")\nprint(\"\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u652f\u4ed8:\")\nprint(\" - \u91cd\u5199\u4e86_execute_payment()\u65b9\u6cd5\")\nprint(\" - \u91cd\u5199\u4e86_send_receipt()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u7528\u4e86super()\")\nprint(\" - \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86process_payment()\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\")\n\nprint(\"\\nPayPal\u652f\u4ed8:\")\nprint(\" - \u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5199\u4e86process_payment()\u65b9\u6cd5\")\nprint(\" - \u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6536\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\")\nprint(\" - \u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0e\u7236\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219:\")\nprint(\"1. \u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\uff08\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u53c2\u6570\uff09\")\nprint(\"2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\")\nprint(\"3. \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u901a\u8fc7super()\uff09\")\nprint(\"4. \u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.2 \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09\uff1a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5b54<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09\u7684Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\n# ============================================================================\n\nclass MathOperations:\n \"\"\"\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a\u5c55\u793aPython\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\"\"\"\n\n # \u65b9\u5f0f1\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u62df\u91cd\u8f7d\n def add(self, a, b=None, c=None, d=None):\n \"\"\"\u52a0\u6cd5\uff1a\u652f\u63012-4\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\"\"\"\n if b is None:\n return a\n elif c is None:\n return a + b\n elif d is None:\n return a + b + c\n else:\n return a + b + c + d\n\n # \u65b9\u5f0f2\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\n def multiply(self, *args):\n \"\"\"\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\"\"\"\n result = 1\n for num in args:\n result *= num\n return result\n\n # \u65b9\u5f0f3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\n def process_value(self, value):\n \"\"\"\u5904\u7406\u503c\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n if isinstance(value, int):\n return self._process_int(value)\n elif isinstance(value, float):\n return self._process_float(value)\n elif isinstance(value, str):\n return self._process_string(value)\n elif isinstance(value, list):\n return self._process_list(value)\n else:\n return f\"\u672a\u77e5\u7c7b\u578b: {type(value)}\"\n\n def _process_int(self, n: int):\n return n * 2\n\n def _process_float(self, n: float):\n return n * 1.5\n\n def _process_string(self, s: str):\n return s.upper()\n\n def _process_list(self, lst: list):\n return sum(lst)\n\n # \u65b9\u5f0f4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528@singledispatch\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08Python 3.4+\uff09\n from functools import singledispatch\n\n @singledispatch\n def format_data(self, data):\n \"\"\"\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u91cd\u8f7d\"\"\"\n return f\"\u672a\u77e5\u7c7b\u578b: {data}\"\n\n @format_data.register(int)\n def _(self, data: int):\n return f\"\u6574\u6570: {data}\"\n\n @format_data.register(str)\n def _(self, data: str):\n return f\"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32: '{data}'\"\n\n @format_data.register(list)\n def _(self, data: list):\n return f\"\u5217\u8868: {data}\"\n\nprint(\"=== \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09\u6f14\u793a ===\")\n\nmath_ops = MathOperations()\n\nprint(\"1. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u62df\u91cd\u8f7d:\")\nprint(f\"add(5) = {math_ops.add(5)}\")\nprint(f\"add(5, 3) = {math_ops.add(5, 3)}\")\nprint(f\"add(5, 3, 2) = {math_ops.add(5, 3, 2)}\")\nprint(f\"add(5, 3, 2, 1) = {math_ops.add(5, 3, 2, 1)}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u62df\u91cd\u8f7d:\")\nprint(f\"multiply(2, 3) = {math_ops.multiply(2, 3)}\")\nprint(f\"multiply(2, 3, 4) = {math_ops.multiply(2, 3, 4)}\")\nprint(f\"multiply(2, 3, 4, 5) = {math_ops.multiply(2, 3, 4, 5)}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. \u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8f7d:\")\nprint(f\"process_value(10) = {math_ops.process_value(10)}\")\nprint(f\"process_value(3.14) = {math_ops.process_value(3.14)}\")\nprint(f\"process_value('hello') = {math_ops.process_value('hello')}\")\nprint(f\"process_value([1, 2, 3]) = {math_ops.process_value([1, 2, 3])}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u4f7f\u7528@singledispatch\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8f7d:\")\nprint(f\"format_data(42) = {math_ops.format_data(42)}\")\nprint(f\"format_data('world') = {math_ops.format_data('world')}\")\nprint(f\"format_data([1, 2, 3]) = {math_ops.format_data([1, 2, 3])}\")\n\n# \u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Java\/C++\u793a\u4f8b\uff09\n\"\"\"\n\/\/ Java\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\nclass MathOperations {\n \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\n int add(int a, int b) {\n return a + b;\n }\n\n double add(double a, double b) {\n return a + b;\n }\n\n \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\n int add(int a, int b, int c) {\n return a + b + c;\n }\n\n \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\n String add(String a, int b) {\n return a + b;\n }\n\n String add(int a, String b) {\n return a + b;\n }\n}\n\"\"\"\n\nprint(\"\\n5. \u91cd\u8f7d\u4e0e\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4:\")\nprint(\"=\" * 70)\nprint(\"| \u7279\u6027 | \u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09 | \u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09 |\")\nprint(\"|------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|\")\nprint(\"| \u53d1\u751f\u4f4d\u7f6e | \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\uff08\u7236\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09 | \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d |\")\nprint(\"| \u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d | \u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c | \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff09 |\")\nprint(\"| \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b | \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u534f\u53d8 | \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c |\")\nprint(\"| \u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26 | \u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c | \u65e0\u5173 |\")\nprint(\"| \u76ee\u7684 | \u6539\u53d8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001 | \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528 |\")\nprint(\"| Python\u652f\u6301 | \u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301 | \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u6a21\u62df |\")\nprint(\"=\" * 70)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Python\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7236\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n# ============================================================================\n# \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u4ece\u57fa\u7c7b\u5230\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"=== \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f ===\")\n\nclass A:\n \"\"\"\u57fa\u7c7bA\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"A.__init__() \u88ab\u8c03\u7528\")\n self.value_a = \"\u6765\u81eaA\u7684\u503c\"\n\nclass B(A):\n \"\"\"\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaA\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"B.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\n super().__init__() # \u8c03\u7528A\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n print(\"B.__init__() \u7ed3\u675f\")\n self.value_b = \"\u6765\u81eaB\u7684\u503c\"\n\nclass C(B):\n \"\"\"\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaB\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"C.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\n super().__init__() # \u8c03\u7528B\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n print(\"C.__init__() \u7ed3\u675f\")\n self.value_c = \"\u6765\u81eaC\u7684\u503c\"\n\nprint(\"\u521b\u5efaC\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b:\")\nc = C()\nprint()\n\nprint(\"\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee:\")\nprint(f\"c.value_a = {c.value_a}\")\nprint(f\"c.value_b = {c.value_b}\")\nprint(f\"c.value_c = {c.value_c}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u603b\u7ed3:\")\nprint(\"1. C.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\nprint(\"2. \u8c03\u7528 super().__init__() \u2192 B.__init__()\")\nprint(\"3. B.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\nprint(\"4. \u8c03\u7528 super().__init__() \u2192 A.__init__()\")\nprint(\"5. A.__init__() \u6267\u884c\")\nprint(\"6. B.__init__() \u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\")\nprint(\"7. C.__init__() \u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.2 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"\\n=== \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f ===\")\n\nclass Base1:\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"Base1.__init__()\")\n self.base1_value = 1\n\nclass Base2:\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"Base2.__init__()\")\n self.base2_value = 2\n\nclass Derived1(Base1, Base2):\n \"\"\"\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaBase1\u548cBase2\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"Derived1.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\n # \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\n super().__init__() # \u4f1a\u8c03\u7528Base1.__init__()\n # \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aBase2.__init__()\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff01\n print(\"Derived1.__init__() \u7ed3\u675f\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaDerived1\u5b9e\u4f8b:\")\nd1 = Derived1()\nprint(f\"d1\u6709base1_value\u5417\uff1f {hasattr(d1, 'base1_value')}\")\nprint(f\"d1\u6709base2_value\u5417\uff1f {hasattr(d1, 'base2_value')}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u95ee\u9898\uff1aBase2\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff01\")\nprint(\"\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\")\n\nclass Derived2(Base1, Base2):\n \"\"\"\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"Derived2.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\n # \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n Base1.__init__(self)\n Base2.__init__(self)\n print(\"Derived2.__init__() \u7ed3\u675f\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaDerived2\u5b9e\u4f8b:\")\nd2 = Derived2()\nprint(f\"d2.base1_value = {d2.base1_value}\")\nprint(f\"d2.base2_value = {d2.base2_value}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u4f7f\u7528super()\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u534f\u4f5c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff09:\")\n\nclass CooperativeBase1:\n def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n print(\"CooperativeBase1.__init__()\")\n super().__init__(**kwargs) # \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\n self.base1_value = 1\n\nclass CooperativeBase2:\n def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n print(\"CooperativeBase2.__init__()\")\n super().__init__(**kwargs) # \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\n self.base2_value = 2\n\nclass CooperativeDerived(CooperativeBase1, CooperativeBase2):\n \"\"\"\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n print(\"CooperativeDerived.__init__() \u5f00\u59cb\")\n super().__init__(**kwargs) # \u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\n print(\"CooperativeDerived.__init__() \u7ed3\u675f\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaCooperativeDerived\u5b9e\u4f8b:\")\ncd = CooperativeDerived()\nprint(f\"cd.base1_value = {cd.base1_value}\")\nprint(f\"cd.base2_value = {cd.base2_value}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u67e5\u770bMRO\u987a\u5e8f:\")\nprint(f\"CooperativeDerived.__mro__ = {CooperativeDerived.__mro__}\")\n\nprint(\"\\nMRO\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u91ca:\")\nprint(\"1. CooperativeDerived\")\nprint(\"2. CooperativeBase1 (\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6392\u5728\u524d\u9762)\")\nprint(\"3. CooperativeBase2\")\nprint(\"4. object (\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b)\")\n\nprint(\"\\nsuper()\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406:\")\nprint(\"super()\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8c03\u7528'\u7236\u7c7b'\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528'\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b'\")\nprint(\"\u5728CooperativeDerived\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u8c03\u7528CooperativeBase1\")\nprint(\"\u5728CooperativeBase1\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u8c03\u7528CooperativeBase2\")\nprint(\"\u5728CooperativeBase2\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u8c03\u7528object\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.3 \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"\\n=== \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5 ===\")\n\nclass Animal:\n def __init__(self, name):\n print(f\"Animal.__init__(name='{name}')\")\n self.name = name\n self.species = \"\u672a\u77e5\u7269\u79cd\"\n\nclass Mammal(Animal):\n def __init__(self, name, gestation_period):\n print(f\"Mammal.__init__(name='{name}', gestation_period={gestation_period})\")\n # \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528super().__init__()\n # \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4Animal\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff01\n self.gestation_period = gestation_period\n # \u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6ename\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528Animal.__init__\n self.name = name\n\nclass Dog(Mammal):\n def __init__(self, name, breed, gestation_period=63):\n print(f\"Dog.__init__(name='{name}', breed='{breed}')\")\n super().__init__(name, gestation_period)\n self.breed = breed\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaDog\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff09:\")\ndog = Dog(\"Buddy\", \"\u91d1\u6bdb\")\nprint(f\"dog.name = {dog.name}\")\nprint(f\"dog.species = {dog.species}\") # \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\"\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\"\uff0c\u4f46Animal.__init__\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\nprint(f\"dog.gestation_period = {dog.gestation_period}\")\nprint(f\"dog.breed = {dog.breed}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790:\")\nprint(\"1. Dog.__init__\u8c03\u7528\u4e86super().__init__()\uff0c\u5373Mammal.__init__\")\nprint(\"2. Mammal.__init__\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528super().__init__()\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Animal.__init__\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\")\nprint(\"3. \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cdog.species\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u4fee\u6b63\u7248\u672c:\")\n\nclass FixedMammal(Animal):\n def __init__(self, name, gestation_period):\n print(f\"FixedMammal.__init__(name='{name}', gestation_period={gestation_period})\")\n super().__init__(name) # \u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n self.gestation_period = gestation_period\n self.species = \"\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\" # \u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u503c\n\nclass FixedDog(FixedMammal):\n def __init__(self, name, breed, gestation_period=63):\n print(f\"FixedDog.__init__(name='{name}', breed='{breed}')\")\n super().__init__(name, gestation_period)\n self.breed = breed\n self.species = \"\u72ac\u79d1\" # \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaFixedDog\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u6b63\u786e\uff09:\")\nfixed_dog = FixedDog(\"Buddy\", \"\u91d1\u6bdb\")\nprint(f\"fixed_dog.name = {fixed_dog.name}\")\nprint(f\"fixed_dog.species = {fixed_dog.species}\") # \u6b63\u786e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\nprint(f\"fixed_dog.gestation_period = {fixed_dog.gestation_period}\")\nprint(f\"fixed_dog.breed = {fixed_dog.breed}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5:\")\nprint(\"1. \u603b\u662f\u8c03\u7528super().__init__()\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7406\u7531\")\nprint(\"2. \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u8c03\u7528super().__init__()\")\nprint(\"3. \u5c06\u7236\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9super().__init__()\")\nprint(\"4. \u5728super().__init__()\u4e4b\u540e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b50\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684”\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\uff09\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"=== \u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898 ===\")\n\nclass GrandParent:\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"GrandParent.__init__()\")\n self.value = \"\u7956\u4f20\u8d22\u4ea7\"\n\n def family_method(self):\n print(\"GrandParent.family_method()\")\n return \"\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\"\n\nclass ParentA(GrandParent):\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"ParentA.__init__()\")\n super().__init__()\n self.value_a = \"A\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\"\n\n def family_method(self):\n print(\"ParentA.family_method()\")\n result = super().family_method()\n return f\"A\u4fee\u6539\u4e86{result}\"\n\nclass ParentB(GrandParent):\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"ParentB.__init__()\")\n super().__init__()\n self.value_b = \"B\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\"\n\n def family_method(self):\n print(\"ParentB.family_method()\")\n result = super().family_method()\n return f\"B\u4fee\u6539\u4e86{result}\"\n\nclass Child(ParentA, ParentB):\n def __init__(self):\n print(\"Child.__init__()\")\n super().__init__()\n self.value_child = \"\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\"\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efaChild\u5b9e\u4f8b:\")\nchild = Child()\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027:\")\nprint(f\"child.value = {child.value}\")\nprint(f\"child.value_a = {child.value_a}\")\nprint(f\"child.value_b = {child.value_b}\")\nprint(f\"child.value_child = {child.value_child}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nresult = child.family_method()\nprint(f\"\u7ed3\u679c: {result}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u67e5\u770bMRO:\")\nprint(f\"Child.__mro__ = {Child.__mro__}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790:\")\nprint(\"1. Child\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaParentA\u548cParentB\")\nprint(\"2. ParentA\u548cParentB\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaGrandParent\")\nprint(\"3. \u95ee\u9898: GrandParent\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\uff1f\")\nprint(\"4. \u7b54\u6848: 1\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPython\u7684MRO\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u8c03\u7528\")\n\nprint(\"\\nMRO\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u91ca:\")\nfor i, cls in enumerate(Child.__mro__, 1):\n print(f\"{i}. {cls.__name__}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u94fe:\")\nprint(\"Child.family_method() -> ParentA.family_method() -> ParentB.family_method() -> GrandParent.family_method()\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.2 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"\\n=== \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3 ===\")\n\nclass Vehicle:\n def move(self):\n return \"\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u79fb\u52a8\"\n\n def fuel_type(self):\n return \"\u672a\u77e5\u71c3\u6599\"\n\nclass Car:\n def move(self):\n return \"\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u884c\u9a76\"\n\n def fuel_type(self):\n return \"\u6c7d\u6cb9\"\n\nclass Boat:\n def move(self):\n return \"\u8239\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u822a\u884c\"\n\n def fuel_type(self):\n return \"\u67f4\u6cb9\"\n\nclass AmphibiousVehicle(Vehicle, Car, Boat):\n \"\"\"\u4e24\u6816\u8f66\u8f86\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def move(self):\n # \u8c03\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n land_move = Car.move(self)\n water_move = Boat.move(self)\n return f\"{land_move}\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5{water_move}\"\n\n def fuel_type(self):\n # \u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\n return super().fuel_type()\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u6816\u8f66\u8f86:\")\namphibious = AmphibiousVehicle()\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8c03\u7528move\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\uff09:\")\nprint(amphibious.move())\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8c03\u7528fuel_type\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u6309MRO\u987a\u5e8f\uff09:\")\nprint(f\"fuel_type: {amphibious.fuel_type()}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u67e5\u770bMRO:\")\nprint(f\"AmphibiousVehicle.__mro__ = {AmphibiousVehicle.__mro__}\")\n\nprint(\"\\nMRO\u987a\u5e8f\u610f\u5473\u7740:\")\nprint(\"1. \u9996\u5148\u67e5\u627eAmphibiousVehicle\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\")\nprint(\"2. \u7136\u540e\u67e5\u627eVehicle\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7ee7\u627f\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\")\nprint(\"3. \u7136\u540e\u67e5\u627eCar\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\")\nprint(\"4. \u6700\u540e\u67e5\u627eBoat\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5:\")\nprint(f\"\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528Car\u7684move: {Car.move(amphibious)}\")\nprint(f\"\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528Boat\u7684move: {Boat.move(amphibious)}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.3 Mixin\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# Mixin\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"\\n=== Mixin\u6a21\u5f0f ===\")\n\n# Mixin\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5Mixin\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\"\u6df7\u5165\"\u7684\u529f\u80fd\nclass JSONSerializableMixin:\n \"\"\"JSON\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6df7\u5165\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def to_json(self):\n import json\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u793a\n data = self.__dict__.copy()\n # \u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\n data['__class__'] = self.__class__.__name__\n return json.dumps(data, indent=2)\n\n @classmethod\n def from_json(cls, json_str):\n \"\"\"\u4eceJSON\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n import json\n data = json.loads(json_str)\n # \u79fb\u9664\u7c7b\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\n class_name = data.pop('__class__', None)\n if class_name != cls.__name__:\n raise ValueError(f\"JSON\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u540d{class_name}\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b{cls.__name__}\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\")\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\n obj = cls.__new__(cls)\n # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\n for key, value in data.items():\n setattr(obj, key, value)\n return obj\n\nclass XMLSerializableMixin:\n \"\"\"XML\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6df7\u5165\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def to_xml(self):\n import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n\n root = ET.Element(self.__class__.__name__)\n for key, value in self.__dict__.items():\n child = ET.SubElement(root, key)\n child.text = str(value)\n\n return ET.tostring(root, encoding='unicode', method='xml')\n\n def save_to_file(self, filename):\n \"\"\"\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\"\"\"\n with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n f.write(self.to_xml())\n print(f\"\u5df2\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 {filename}\")\n\nclass LoggableMixin:\n \"\"\"\u53ef\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6df7\u5165\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n self._log = []\n\n def log(self, message):\n \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\"\"\"\n import datetime\n timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\")\n entry = f\"[{timestamp}] {message}\"\n self._log.append(entry)\n print(entry)\n\n def get_logs(self):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\"\"\"\n return \"\\n\".join(self._log)\n\n# \u57fa\u7c7b\nclass Product:\n \"\"\"\u4ea7\u54c1\u57fa\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name, price):\n self.name = name\n self.price = price\n\n def display(self):\n print(f\"\u4ea7\u54c1: {self.name}, \u4ef7\u683c: ${self.price}\")\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528Mixin\u521b\u5efa\u589e\u5f3a\u7c7b\nclass EnhancedProduct(JSONSerializableMixin, XMLSerializableMixin, LoggableMixin, Product):\n \"\"\"\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\uff0c\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name, price, category):\n # \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aMixin\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709__init__\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528super()\u534f\u4f5c\n super().__init__(name, price) # \u8c03\u7528Product.__init__\n self.category = category\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u65e5\u5fd7\n self.log(f\"\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1: {name}\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efa\u589e\u5f3a\u4ea7\u54c1:\")\nproduct = EnhancedProduct(\"\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\", 999.99, \"\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u4f7f\u7528Mixin\u529f\u80fd:\")\nprint(\"1. \u663e\u793a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f:\")\nproduct.display()\n\nprint(\"\\n2. \u8bb0\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7:\")\nproduct.log(\"\u4ef7\u683c\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a $899.99\")\nproduct.price = 899.99\nproduct.log(\"\u5e93\u5b58\u589e\u52a010\u53f0\")\n\nprint(\"\\n3. JSON\u5e8f\u5217\u5316:\")\njson_str = product.to_json()\nprint(json_str)\n\nprint(\"\\n4. \u4eceJSON\u91cd\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61:\")\nnew_product = EnhancedProduct.from_json(json_str)\nnew_product.display()\nprint(f\"\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55: {len(new_product._log)} \u6761\")\n\nprint(\"\\n5. XML\u5e8f\u5217\u5316:\")\nxml_str = product.to_xml()\nprint(xml_str[:100] + \"...\")\n\nprint(\"\\nMixin\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u70b9:\")\nprint(\"1. Mixin\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\")\nprint(\"2. Mixin\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u5bf9\u8c61\")\nprint(\"3. Mixin\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u524d\u9762\")\nprint(\"4. Mixin\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\")\nprint(\"5. Mixin\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u5f88\u8f7b\u91cf\")\n\nprint(\"\\n\u67e5\u770bMRO:\")\nprint(f\"EnhancedProduct.__mro__ = {EnhancedProduct.__mro__}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n4.4 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"\\n=== \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219 ===\")\n\nprint(\"\"\"\n\u539f\u52191\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u975e\u7ee7\u627f\n \u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u6bd4\u7ee7\u627f\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52192\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u8868\u8fbe\"is-a\"\u5173\u7cfb\n \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b50\u7c7b\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52193\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u6df1\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\n \u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u8fc7\u6df1\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52194\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Mixin\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a2a\u5411\u529f\u80fd\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Mixin\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52195\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u63a5\u53e3\u5951\u7ea6\n \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5404\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5212\u5206\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52196\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u5229\u7528MRO\n \u7406\u89e3Python\u7684MRO\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u610f\u5916\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52197\uff1a\u5c0f\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\n \u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528super()\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\n\n\u539f\u52198\uff1a\u6587\u6863\u5316\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\n \u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\n\"\"\")\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\nprint(\"\\n\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b:\")\n\nclass Flyable:\n \"\"\"\u53ef\u98de\u884c\u80fd\u529b\"\"\"\n\n def fly(self):\n return \"\u6b63\u5728\u98de\u884c\"\n\nclass Swimmable:\n \"\"\"\u53ef\u6e38\u6cf3\u80fd\u529b\"\"\"\n\n def swim(self):\n return \"\u6b63\u5728\u6e38\u6cf3\"\n\nclass Runnable:\n \"\"\"\u53ef\u5954\u8dd1\u80fd\u529b\"\"\"\n\n def run(self):\n return \"\u6b63\u5728\u5954\u8dd1\"\n\n# \u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u529b\nclass Duck(Flyable, Swimmable, Runnable):\n \"\"\"\u9e2d\u5b50\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def describe(self):\n return f\"{self.name}\u53ef\u4ee5{self.fly()}\u3001{self.swim()}\u548c{self.run()}\"\n\nclass Penguin(Swimmable, Runnable):\n \"\"\"\u4f01\u9e45\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u98de\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def describe(self):\n return f\"{self.name}\u53ef\u4ee5{self.swim()}\u548c{self.run()}\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u98de\"\n\nprint(\"\\n\u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u7269:\")\ndonald = Duck(\"\u5510\u8001\u9e2d\")\npenguin = Penguin(\"\u4f01\u9e45\u5148\u751f\")\n\nprint(donald.describe())\nprint(penguin.describe())\n\nprint(\"\\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4f18\u70b9:\")\nprint(\"1. \u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684Mixin\")\nprint(\"2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\")\nprint(\"3. \u907f\u514d\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\")\nprint(\"4. \u6bcf\u4e2aMixin\u804c\u8d23\u5355\u4e00\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528 – \u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
# ============================================================================\n# \u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e94\u7528\n# ============================================================================\n\nprint(\"=== \u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf ===\")\n\nfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod\nimport random\n\nclass GameCharacter(ABC):\n \"\"\"\u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name, level=1):\n self.name = name\n self.level = level\n self.health = self.max_health\n self.mana = self.max_mana\n self.experience = 0\n\n @property\n @abstractmethod\n def max_health(self):\n \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u751f\u547d\u503c\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n @property\n @abstractmethod\n def max_mana(self):\n \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u9b54\u6cd5\u503c\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n @property\n @abstractmethod\n def character_class(self):\n \"\"\"\u89d2\u8272\u804c\u4e1a\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n def take_damage(self, damage):\n \"\"\"\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\"\"\"\n actual_damage = max(0, damage - self.defense)\n self.health = max(0, self.health - actual_damage)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d7\u5230 {actual_damage} \u70b9\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u751f\u547d: {self.health}\")\n\n if self.health == 0:\n self.die()\n\n return actual_damage\n\n def heal(self, amount):\n \"\"\"\u6cbb\u7597\"\"\"\n old_health = self.health\n self.health = min(self.max_health, self.health + amount)\n healed = self.health - old_health\n print(f\"{self.name} \u6062\u590d\u4e86 {healed} \u70b9\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u547d: {self.health}\")\n return healed\n\n @abstractmethod\n def attack(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n @abstractmethod\n def special_ability(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n def gain_experience(self, xp):\n \"\"\"\u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u9a8c\"\"\"\n self.experience += xp\n print(f\"{self.name} \u83b7\u5f97 {xp} \u70b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u603b\u7ecf\u9a8c: {self.experience}\")\n\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5347\u7ea7\n while self.experience >= self.experience_for_next_level():\n self.level_up()\n\n def experience_for_next_level(self):\n \"\"\"\u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u9700\u7ecf\u9a8c\"\"\"\n return 100 * self.level\n\n def level_up(self):\n \"\"\"\u5347\u7ea7\"\"\"\n self.level += 1\n old_max_health = self.max_health\n old_max_mana = self.max_mana\n\n # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\n self._on_level_up()\n\n # \u6062\u590d\u751f\u547d\u548c\u9b54\u6cd5\n self.health += (self.max_health - old_max_health)\n self.mana += (self.max_mana - old_max_mana)\n\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5347\u7ea7\u5230 {self.level} \u7ea7\uff01\")\n print(f\" \u751f\u547d: {old_max_health} -> {self.max_health}\")\n print(f\" \u9b54\u6cd5: {old_max_mana} -> {self.max_mana}\")\n\n @abstractmethod\n def _on_level_up(self):\n \"\"\"\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\u7684\u56de\u8c03\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n pass\n\n def die(self):\n \"\"\"\u6b7b\u4ea1\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5df2\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff01\")\n\n def __str__(self):\n return (f\"{self.name} ({self.character_class}) Lv.{self.level}\\n\"\n f\" HP: {self.health}\/{self.max_health}\\n\"\n f\" MP: {self.mana}\/{self.max_mana}\\n\"\n f\" EXP: {self.experience}\/{self.experience_for_next_level()}\")\n\n# ==================== Mixin\u7c7b ====================\n\nclass CastSpellMixin:\n \"\"\"\u65bd\u6cd5Mixin\"\"\"\n\n def cast_spell(self, spell_name, mana_cost, effect_func):\n \"\"\"\u65bd\u653e\u6cd5\u672f\"\"\"\n if self.mana < mana_cost:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u9b54\u6cd5\u503c\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u65bd\u653e {spell_name}\")\n return False\n\n self.mana -= mana_cost\n print(f\"{self.name} \u65bd\u653e {spell_name}\uff0c\u6d88\u8017 {mana_cost} \u70b9\u9b54\u6cd5\")\n effect_func()\n return True\n\nclass StealthMixin:\n \"\"\"\u6f5c\u884cMixin\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n self.is_stealthed = False\n\n def enter_stealth(self):\n \"\"\"\u8fdb\u5165\u6f5c\u884c\"\"\"\n if not self.is_stealthed:\n self.is_stealthed = True\n print(f\"{self.name} \u8fdb\u5165\u6f5c\u884c\u72b6\u6001\")\n return True\n return False\n\n def exit_stealth(self):\n \"\"\"\u9000\u51fa\u6f5c\u884c\"\"\"\n if self.is_stealthed:\n self.is_stealthed = False\n print(f\"{self.name} \u9000\u51fa\u6f5c\u884c\u72b6\u6001\")\n return True\n return False\n\n def attack_from_stealth(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u4ece\u6f5c\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u653b\u51fb\"\"\"\n if self.is_stealthed:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u4ece\u6f5c\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\uff01\")\n self.exit_stealth()\n return self.attack(target) * 2 # \u6f5c\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u53cc\u500d\u4f24\u5bb3\n return self.attack(target)\n\n# ==================== \u5177\u4f53\u89d2\u8272\u7c7b ====================\n\nclass Warrior(GameCharacter):\n \"\"\"\u6218\u58eb\uff1a\u9ad8\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f4e\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u653b\u51fb\"\"\"\n\n @property\n def max_health(self):\n return 100 + (self.level - 1) * 20\n\n @property\n def max_mana(self):\n return 30 + (self.level - 1) * 5\n\n @property\n def character_class(self):\n return \"\u6218\u58eb\"\n\n @property\n def defense(self):\n \"\"\"\u9632\u5fa1\u529b\"\"\"\n return 10 + self.level * 2\n\n def attack(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u7269\u7406\u653b\u51fb\"\"\"\n damage = random.randint(15, 25) + self.level * 2\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u52a8\u7269\u7406\u653b\u51fb\uff01\")\n return target.take_damage(damage)\n\n def special_ability(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u6218\u58eb\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u65cb\u98ce\u65a9\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u52a8\u65cb\u98ce\u65a9\uff01\")\n damage = random.randint(30, 50) + self.level * 3\n\n # \u65cb\u98ce\u65a9\u653b\u51fb\u6240\u6709\u654c\u4eba\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u53ea\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff09\n return target.take_damage(damage)\n\n def _on_level_up(self):\n \"\"\"\u6218\u58eb\u5347\u7ea7\u589e\u52a0\u9632\u5fa1\"\"\"\n pass # \u9632\u5fa1\u901a\u8fc7property\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5904\u7406\n\n def __str__(self):\n base_str = super().__str__()\n return f\"{base_str}\\n \u9632\u5fa1: {self.defense}\"\n\nclass Mage(GameCharacter, CastSpellMixin):\n \"\"\"\u6cd5\u5e08\uff1a\u4f4e\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u9ad8\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u6cd5\u672f\u653b\u51fb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name, level=1):\n super().__init__(name, level)\n self.spells = [\"\u706b\u7403\u672f\", \"\u5bd2\u51b0\u7bad\", \"\u95ea\u7535\u94fe\"]\n\n @property\n def max_health(self):\n return 50 + (self.level - 1) * 10\n\n @property\n def max_mana(self):\n return 100 + (self.level - 1) * 20\n\n @property\n def character_class(self):\n return \"\u6cd5\u5e08\"\n\n @property\n def defense(self):\n return 5 + self.level\n\n def attack(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u6cd5\u5e08\u7684\u666e\u901a\u653b\u51fb\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u672f\"\"\"\n return self.cast_fireball(target)\n\n def special_ability(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u6cd5\u5e08\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u53ec\u5524\u66b4\u98ce\u96ea\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53ec\u5524\u66b4\u98ce\u96ea\uff01\")\n\n def blizzard_effect():\n damage = random.randint(40, 60) + self.level * 4\n target.take_damage(damage)\n # \u66b4\u98ce\u96ea\u6709\u51e0\u7387\u51bb\u7ed3\u76ee\u6807\n if random.random() < 0.3:\n print(f\"{target.name} \u88ab\u51bb\u7ed3\u4e86\uff01\")\n\n return self.cast_spell(\"\u66b4\u98ce\u96ea\", 40, blizzard_effect)\n\n def cast_fireball(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u65bd\u653e\u706b\u7403\u672f\"\"\"\n print(f\"{self.name} \u65bd\u653e\u706b\u7403\u672f\uff01\")\n\n def fireball_effect():\n damage = random.randint(20, 35) + self.level * 3\n target.take_damage(damage)\n\n return self.cast_spell(\"\u706b\u7403\u672f\", 15, fireball_effect)\n\n def _on_level_up(self):\n \"\"\"\u6cd5\u5e08\u5347\u7ea7\u5b66\u4f1a\u65b0\u6cd5\u672f\"\"\"\n if self.level == 3:\n self.spells.append(\"\u708e\u7206\u672f\")\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86 \u708e\u7206\u672f\uff01\")\n elif self.level == 5:\n self.spells.append(\"\u9668\u77f3\u672f\")\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86 \u9668\u77f3\u672f\uff01\")\n\nclass Rogue(GameCharacter, StealthMixin):\n \"\"\"\u76d7\u8d3c\uff1a\u4e2d\u7b49\u751f\u547d\u548c\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u6f5c\u884c\u548c\u66b4\u51fb\"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, name, level=1):\n # \u6ce8\u610f\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\n GameCharacter.__init__(self, name, level)\n StealthMixin.__init__(self)\n self.critical_chance = 0.2 # \u66b4\u51fb\u51e0\u7387\n\n @property\n def max_health(self):\n return 75 + (self.level - 1) * 15\n\n @property\n def max_mana(self):\n return 60 + (self.level - 1) * 10\n\n @property\n def character_class(self):\n return \"\u76d7\u8d3c\"\n\n @property\n def defense(self):\n return 8 + self.level\n\n def attack(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u76d7\u8d3c\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u66b4\u51fb\u51e0\u7387\"\"\"\n base_damage = random.randint(12, 20) + self.level * 2\n\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u66b4\u51fb\n is_critical = random.random() < self.critical_chance\n if is_critical:\n damage = base_damage * 2\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u52a8\u66b4\u51fb\uff01\")\n else:\n damage = base_damage\n\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\uff01\")\n return target.take_damage(damage)\n\n def special_ability(self, target):\n \"\"\"\u76d7\u8d3c\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u80cc\u523a\"\"\"\n if self.is_stealthed:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u53d1\u52a8\u80cc\u523a\uff01\")\n damage = random.randint(40, 60) + self.level * 4\n self.exit_stealth()\n return target.take_damage(damage)\n else:\n print(f\"{self.name} \u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u4e8e\u6f5c\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u80cc\u523a\")\n return 0\n\n def _on_level_up(self):\n \"\"\"\u76d7\u8d3c\u5347\u7ea7\u589e\u52a0\u66b4\u51fb\u51e0\u7387\"\"\"\n self.critical_chance += 0.02\n print(f\"{self.name} \u7684\u66b4\u51fb\u51e0\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u5230 {self.critical_chance:.0%}\")\n\n# ==================== \u6e38\u620f\u6a21\u62df ====================\n\ndef simulate_battle():\n \"\"\"\u6a21\u62df\u6218\u6597\"\"\"\n\n print(\"\\n=== \u89d2\u8272\u521b\u5efa ===\")\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\n warrior = Warrior(\"\u52c7\u58eb\u4e9a\u745f\", 3)\n mage = Mage(\"\u5927\u6cd5\u5e08\u6885\u6797\", 3)\n rogue = Rogue(\"\u6697\u5f71\u523a\u5ba2\u8389\u8389\", 3)\n\n print(\"\\n\u89d2\u8272\u4fe1\u606f:\")\n print(warrior)\n print()\n print(mage)\n print()\n print(rogue)\n\n print(\"\\n=== \u6218\u6597\u5f00\u59cb ===\")\n\n # \u521b\u5efa\u654c\u4eba\n class Monster(GameCharacter):\n \"\"\"\u602a\u7269\"\"\"\n\n @property\n def max_health(self):\n return 80\n\n @property\n def max_mana(self):\n return 0\n\n @property\n def character_class(self):\n return \"\u602a\u7269\"\n\n @property\n def defense(self):\n return 5\n\n def attack(self, target):\n damage = random.randint(10, 20)\n print(f\"{self.name} \u653b\u51fb {target.name}\uff01\")\n return target.take_damage(damage)\n\n def special_ability(self, target):\n return self.attack(target)\n\n def _on_level_up(self):\n pass\n\n monster = Monster(\"\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\", 2)\n print(f\"\\n\u654c\u4eba: {monster}\")\n\n print(\"\\n--- \u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u5408 ---\")\n warrior.attack(monster)\n mage.cast_fireball(monster)\n rogue.enter_stealth()\n\n print(\"\\n--- \u7b2c\u4e8c\u56de\u5408 ---\")\n warrior.special_ability(monster)\n mage.special_ability(monster)\n rogue.attack_from_stealth(monster)\n\n print(\"\\n--- \u602a\u7269\u53cd\u51fb ---\")\n monster.attack(warrior)\n\n print(\"\\n--- \u7b2c\u4e09\u56de\u5408 ---\")\n warrior.attack(monster)\n\n # \u6cbb\u7597\u6f14\u793a\n print(\"\\n--- \u6cbb\u7597\u6f14\u793a ---\")\n warrior.heal(30)\n\n print(\"\\n--- \u83b7\u5f97\u7ecf\u9a8c ---\")\n warrior.gain_experience(150)\n mage.gain_experience(150)\n rogue.gain_experience(150)\n\n print(\"\\n=== \u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001 ===\")\n print(warrior)\n print()\n print(mage)\n print()\n print(rogue)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n simulate_battle()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
6.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u66ff\u6362\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\n \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b50\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\uff1a\n - \u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8bed\u4e49\n - \u4e0d\u5f3a\u52a0\u6bd4\u7236\u7c7b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\n - \u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6bd4\u7236\u7c7b\u66f4\u5f31\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n